In a sequence of reactions, methyl mesopyropheophorbide a, mesochlorin e(6) trimethyl
ester, mesochlorin p(6) trimethyl
ester, mesopurpurin-18-N-hexylimide methyl
ester, and mesopurpurin-18-N-3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzylimide methyl
ester were synthesized from
chlorophyll-a. These chlorins on reacting with
osmium tetraoxide produced the corresponding vic-dihydroxybacteriochlorins. The 8-vinylchlorins obtained by refluxing the related vic-dihydroxybacteriochlorins in
o-dichlorobenzene were individually treated with dimethylacetylenedicarboxylate (DMAD) under Diels-Alder reaction conditions. The intermediate adducts on 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) treatment rearranged to the corresponding stable benzobacteriochlorins, exhibiting the longest wavelength absorption in the range of 737 to 805 nm. In preliminary in vitro (RIF
tumor cells) and in vivo screening (C3H/HeJ mice bearing RIF
tumors), some of these compounds were found to be quite effective. Under similar treatment conditions (
drug dose: 5.0 micromol/kg; light dose: 135 J/cm(2),
tumors were exposed to light for 30 min at 24 h postinjection), the benzobacteriochlorins containing N-substituted-
imide ring system produced enhanced photosensitizing efficacy with limited skin
phototoxicity. These compounds were also found to bind to site II of
human serum albumin (HSA). However, no correlation between the binding constant values and photosensitizing efficacy was observed. A competitive intracellular localization study of these novel structures with Rhodamine-123 (a mitochondrial probe) indicated their preferential localization in mitochondria, without producing any specific displacement of (3)H-PK11195 (PBR probe, (3)H-labeled 1-(2-chlorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-(1-methylpropyl)-3-isoquinoline carboxamide). These results suggest that the mitochondrial peripheral
benzodiazepine receptor (PBR) is not the cellular binding site for this class of compounds.