Anthocyanins, which are used as a food coloring, are widely distributed in human diets, suggesting that we ingest large amounts of
anthocyanins from plant-based foods. Mice were fed control,
cyanidin 3-glucoside-rich purple corn color (PCC), high fat (HF) or HF + PCC diet for 12 wk. Dietary PCC significantly suppressed the HF diet-induced increase in
body weight gain, and white and brown adipose tissue weights. Feeding the HF diet markedly induced
hypertrophy of the adipocytes in the epididymal white adipose tissue compared with the control group. In contrast, the induction did not occur in the HF + PCC group. The HF diet induced
hyperglycemia,
hyperinsulinemia and hyperleptinemia. These perturbations were completely normalized in rats fed HF + PCC. An increase in the
tumor necrosis factor (
TNF)-alpha mRNA level occurred in the HF group and was normalized by dietary PCC. These results suggest that dietary PCC may ameliorate HF diet-induced
insulin resistance in mice. PCC suppressed the
mRNA levels of
enzymes involved in
fatty acid and
triacylglycerol synthesis and lowered the
sterol regulatory
element binding protein-1
mRNA level in white adipose tissue. These down-regulations may contribute to
triacylglycerol accumulation in white adipose tissue. Our findings provide a biochemical and nutritional basis for the use of PCC or
anthocyanins as a functional food factor that may have benefits for the prevention of
obesity and diabetes.