Recently, we have shown that in rats with a suprarenal abdominal aortic constriction (AC), pressure overload induces early perivascular fibro-inflammatory changes (
transforming growth factor [
TGF]-beta induction and fibroblast proliferation) within the first week after AC and then causes the development of cardiac remodeling (myocyte
hypertrophy and reactive myocardial
fibrosis) associated with diastolic dysfunction.
Intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 is implicated in the recruitment of leukocytes, especially macrophages, in various inflammatory situations. Thus, we sought to investigate the causal relation of
ICAM-1 to macrophage recruitment and cardiac remodeling in AC rats. In AC rats, immunoreactive
ICAM-1 was observed transiently on endothelial cells of the intramyocardial coronary arterioles after day 1, with a peak at day 3, returning to baseline by day 7. Also, ED1+ macrophage accumulation was found in the area adjacent to the arteries expressing
ICAM-1. Chronic treatment with an anti-ICAM-1
neutralizing antibody, but not with control
IgG, remarkably reduced the accumulations of macrophages and proliferative fibroblasts and inhibited the upregulation of
TGF-beta expression. Furthermore, the
neutralizing antibody significantly prevented myocardial
fibrosis without affecting arterial pressure and left ventricular and myocyte
hypertrophy. In conclusion,
ICAM-1 expression was induced by pressure overload in the intramyocardial arterioles, and triggered perivascular macrophage accumulation. In pressure-overloaded hearts, a crucial role in ICAM-1-mediated macrophage accumulation was suggested in the development of myocardial
fibrosis, through
TGF-beta induction and fibroblast activation.