Inhibitors of COP-mediated transport and cholera toxin action inhibit simian virus 40 infection.

Abstract	Simian virus 40 (SV40) is a nonenveloped virus that has been shown to pass from surface caveolae to the endoplasmic reticulum in an apparently novel infectious entry pathway. We now show that the initial entry step is blocked by brefeldin A and by incubation at 20 degrees C. Subsequent to the entry step, the virus reaches a domain of the rough endoplasmic reticulum by an unknown pathway. This intracellular trafficking pathway is also brefeldin A sensitive. Infection is strongly inhibited by expression of GTP-restricted ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (Arf1) and Sar1 mutants and by microinjection of antibodies to betaCOP. In addition, we demonstrate a potent inhibition of SV40 infection by the dipeptide N-benzoyl-oxycarbonyl-Gly-Phe-amide, which also inhibits late events in cholera toxin action. Our results identify novel inhibitors of SV40 infection and show that SV40 requires COPI- and COPII-dependent transport steps for successful infection.
Authors	Ayanthi A Richards, Espen Stang, Rainer Pepperkok, Robert G Parton
Journal	Molecular biology of the cell (Mol Biol Cell) Vol. 13 Issue 5 Pg. 1750-64 (May 2002) ISSN: 1059-1524 [Print] United States
PMID	12006667 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
Chemical References	Antiviral Agents Carrier Proteins Dipeptides LLID-114769 protein, human Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins Vesicular Transport Proteins Brefeldin A carbobenzoxyglycylphenylalanine amide Cholera Toxin ADP-Ribosylation Factor 1 Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins SAR1 protein, S cerevisiae
Topics	ADP-Ribosylation Factor 1 (genetics, metabolism) Animals Antiviral Agents (pharmacology) Brefeldin A (pharmacology) Carrier Proteins (antagonists & inhibitors, immunology) Chlorocebus aethiops Cholera Toxin (antagonists & inhibitors) Dipeptides (pharmacology) Endoplasmic Reticulum (metabolism, ultrastructure) Endosomes (metabolism) Golgi Apparatus (metabolism, ultrastructure) Immunohistochemistry Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins (genetics, metabolism) Polyomavirus Infections (metabolism) Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins (genetics, metabolism) Simian virus 40 (drug effects, metabolism, ultrastructure) Temperature Vero Cells Vesicular Transport Proteins

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