Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions

Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.

Also Known As:

Adverse Drug Event; Adverse Drug Reaction; Drug Side Effects; Drug Toxicity; Side Effects of Drugs; Toxicity, Drug; Adverse Drug Events; Adverse Drug Reactions; Drug Event, Adverse; Drug Events, Adverse; Drug Reaction, Adverse; Drug Reactions, Adverse; Drug Related Side Effects and Adverse Reaction; Drug Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Drug Side Effect; Drug Toxicities; Effects, Drug Side; Reactions, Adverse Drug; Side Effect, Drug; Side Effects, Drug; Toxicities, Drug; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reaction

Networked: 13596 relevant articles (532 outcomes, 1416 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Chemically-Induced Disorders: 2
- Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions: 13596

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer)
2.	Infections
3.	HIV Infections (HIV Infection)
4.	Nausea
5.	Vomiting

Experts

1.	Montastruc, Jean-Louis: 71 articles (04/2022 - 12/2002)
2.	Bates, David W: 49 articles (01/2021 - 07/2002)
3.	Pirmohamed, Munir: 35 articles (01/2022 - 10/2003)
4.	Bagheri, Haleh: 33 articles (10/2020 - 01/2003)
5.	Lapeyre-Mestre, Maryse: 32 articles (11/2020 - 12/2002)
6.	Ingelman-Sundberg, Magnus: 26 articles (07/2021 - 01/2004)
7.	Montastruc, François: 26 articles (05/2021 - 01/2013)
8.	Durrieu, Geneviève: 24 articles (08/2021 - 03/2008)
9.	Capuano, Annalisa: 23 articles (01/2022 - 03/2005)
10.	Kane-Gill, Sandra L: 23 articles (12/2021 - 12/2009)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions:

1.	Biomarkers (Surrogate Marker)IBA 04/01/2012 - "Overall, our work demonstrated the metabolomics has brought enormous opportunities for improved detection of toxicity and biomarker discovery, highlighting the powerful predictive potential of the IPA to study of drug toxicity." 08/28/2014 - "Such compounds have been suggested to act through multiple mechanisms; therefore, it is important to define the selectivity of Nrf2 inducers to assess the potential for off-target effects that may lead to adverse drug reactions, and to provide biomarkers with which to assess therapeutic efficacy. " 02/01/2011 - "The rapid development of techniques in the area of genome analysis has facilitated identification of new pharmacogenomic biomarkers that can provide predictive tools for improved drug response and fewer adverse drug reactions. " 01/01/2012 - "The concerted action of operating multicenter networks holds great promise for future studies to identify biomarkers related to drug toxicity and to provide better insight into the underlying pathogenesis. " 11/01/2014 - "The discovery of new pharmacogenomic biomarkers and systems pathways can provide new drug targets and predictive tools for improved drug response and fewer adverse drug reactions in JIA."
2.	Anti-Bacterial Agents (Antibiotics)IBA 01/01/1998 - "Recognition of potential adverse drug reactions associated with each class of anti-infectives, as well as those related to the dose or infusion process, is another important part of safe and effective intravenous antibiotic administration." 09/01/1985 - "Knowledge of the risks of gastrointestinal adverse drug reactions with different agents and different doses should be clinically helpful in assessing risks and benefits when oral antibiotics are prescribed for children." 01/01/1994 - "route of administration, compliance, drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, drug toxicity, and drug-disease interactions, it is also helpful for practitioners to become familiar with a small number of the large group of available antibiotics. " 01/01/2023 - "This study evaluated drug-drug interactions (DDIs) between antibiotic and nonantibiotic drugs listed with warnings of severe outcomes in the British National Formulary based on adverse drug reaction (ADR) detectable with routine International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision coding. " 11/01/2019 - "Conclusions: Continued monitoring of adverse drug reactions rates for oral antibiotics prescribed in the community is warranted, considering the prevalence of serious and fatal reactions identified during the eight-year study period in the Yellow Card profile. "
3.	EnzymesIBA 08/01/2011 - "Significant alterations in the activity of drug-metabolizing enzymes may affect the clearance of therapeutic drugs, with the potential to result in adverse drug reactions. " 03/01/2004 - "It was concluded that genomic testing for enzymes of drug metabolism has significant potential for improving the efficacy of drug treatment and reducing adverse drug reactions. " 01/01/2021 - "Allelic frequency distribution of drug metabolizing enzyme genes among populations is important to identify risk groups for adverse drug reaction and to select representative populations for clinical trials. " 10/01/2020 - "Recent studies have shown that HCC patients often have changes in the activities of transporters and metabolic enzymes, which can considerably affect drug pharmacokinetics and lead to drug toxicity. " 07/01/2012 - "This study presents a strategy to induce the expression and enzyme activities of critical CYPs in HDFs, and may have potential to establish an in vitro platform to study drug metabolism and to predict the possible human risk of drug toxicity."
4.	Therapeutic UsesIBA 01/01/2017 - "To sum up, a safety and effective formulation AN-ICG-CBX was developed in this study and successfully reduced the drug toxicity, improved the targeting efficiency and enhanced the therapeutic effects, becoming a promising candidate for clinical application." 02/01/2017 - "DDI is a common cause of adverse drug reactions and sometimes also leads to improved therapeutic effects. " 11/30/2014 - "The end results are improved therapeutic effects as well as decreased "pill burden" and drug side effects in patients. " 06/01/2009 - "Expected clinical patient outcomes of pharmacy interventions were judged in terms of improved therapeutic effects and prevented or relieved adverse drug reactions (ADRs). " 04/01/2002 - "The results of this survey suggest that adverse drug events and the lack of therapeutic effect due to dosing errors could be prevented by an improved knowledge of daily dosages."
5.	Adrenal Cortex Hormones (Corticosteroids)IBA 01/01/2022 - "Clinical remission was assessed at 1-year post anti-TNF exposure in addition to the occurrence of surgery, hospitalization, corticosteroid use, and adverse drug events. " 09/01/2022 - "Healthcare providers and patients should be aware of the potential (individual) adverse drug reactions of intranasal corticosteroids. " 09/01/2022 - "In total, 2263 adverse drug reactions after intranasal corticosteroid use were reported in 1258 individuals. " 09/01/2022 - "We retrospectively examined all adverse drug reactions of intranasal corticosteroids reported to the Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Center Lareb, entered into the database from 1991 until 1 July, 2020. " 09/01/2022 - "Our objective was to analyse reports of adverse drug reactions associated with intranasal corticosteroids reported in the Dutch spontaneous reporting database of the Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Center Lareb to obtain insight into real-world safety data. "
6.	Liposomes (Liposome)IBA 05/24/2020 - "Flexible liposomes are excellent in deeper skin permeation and reducing the side effects of drugs, which is promising for effective treatment of skin disorders. " 01/01/2006 - "The task ahead will be to examine whether the beneficial structural and pharmacokinetic properties of multivesicular liposome formulations will translate into improved clinical outcomes, either because of decreased drug toxicity or increased drug efficacy." 02/01/2013 - "In conclusion, the encapsulation of DDPP in pegylated liposomes reduced the drug toxicity and enhanced its antitumoral activity in mice, as a result of improved drug pharmacokinetics." 01/01/2023 - "As comparators, we extracted adverse drug reaction reports of medicinal products containing the same non-PEGylated active substances and/or non-PEGylated liposomes (or compounds belonging to the same mechanistic class). " 01/01/2023 - "We selected adverse drug reaction reports attributed to medicinal products containing PEGylated active substances and/or PEGylated liposomes from the Italian Spontaneous Reporting System in the period between its inception and March 2021. "
7.	Antiviral Agents (Antivirals)IBA 07/01/2014 - "Drug toxicity and resistance drive the need for effective new inhibitors with improved physiochemical properties and potent antiviral activity. " 01/01/2021 - "The purpose of this study was to assess the differences between consumer (patient) and healthcare professional submissions of adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports associated with certain antiviral treatments in children. " 01/01/2018 - "Recently, several clinical trials of all-DAA combination regimens have reported excellent antiviral efficacy and few adverse drug reactions in HCV-infected patients with CKD. " 02/01/1990 - "Nonclinical toxicity studies of antiviral drugs indicated for the treatment of non-life-threatening diseases: evaluation of drug toxicity prior to phase 1 clinical studies." 03/31/2021 - "Toxicity, drug resistance and side effects have led to search for new antiviral agents. "
8.	SteroidsIBA 10/01/2016 - "Data were extracted from the studies, including clinical efficacy (response rate, adverse drug reaction [ADR] rate, steroid withdrawal rate and relapse rate) and endoscopic improvement (endoscopic remission rate and mucosal healing rate). " 08/01/2004 - "Ratios for the induction and maintenance of remission, the steroid-sparing effect, and the incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were compared and evaluated between the two study arms and expressed by the odds ratio (OR) specific for the individual studies and the meta-analytic summary for the OR. " 01/01/2021 - "Future trials should focus in addressing unanswered issues such as the appropriate dose and duration of immunosuppressive treatment, timing of steroid withdrawal, and drug toxicity. " 07/11/2014 - "Primary outcomes were perinatal mortality, serious maternal or infant outcomes, adverse drug reactions, birth before 48 hours of trial entry, birth before 34 weeks' gestation and preterm neonates delivered without a full course of antenatal steroids completed 24 hours before birth. " 03/01/2022 - "SCS dose and duration, concomitant medications, subsequent relapses, and steroid-related adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were analyzed for 12 months after target relapse treatment. "
9.	Antipsychotic Agents (Antipsychotics)IBA 01/01/2020 - "The application of TDM for antipsychotics can be helpful in numerous challenging clinical scenarios, such as lack of therapeutic response, relapse, or adverse drug reactions (ADRs) related to antipsychotic treatment. " 11/01/2023 - "In this study, the association between antipsychotic drugs and NMS was comprehensively evaluated by cluster and association analyses using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report (JADER) database. " 01/01/2023 - "Objectives: This study aimed to examine the association between abnormal readings of metabolic parameters detected during second-generation antipsychotic (SGA) treatment and the likelihood of receiving subsequent adverse drug event interventions. " 01/01/2022 - "Objective: The aim of the study was to assess monitoring of adverse drug reaction (ADR)-related parameters in children, youth, and young adults treated with second-generation antipsychotic drugs (SGAs) prescribed by general practitioners (GPs). " 01/01/2020 - "In this study, we used genetically diverse Collaborative Cross (CC) recombinant inbred inter-cross (RIX) mice to elucidate the genetic basis of antipsychotic-induced adverse drug reactions (ADRs). "
10.	2-mercaptopurineIBA 06/01/1993 - "Levels of TPMT activity in human tissue are controlled by a common genetic polymorphism that is an important factor responsible for individual variation in thiopurine drug toxicity and therapeutic efficacy. " 01/01/2010 - "This study demonstrated significant variations in TPMT gene polymorphisms in an Indian population in relation to other human populations and may help to predict both clinical efficacy and drug toxicity of thiopurine drugs." 10/01/2008 - "TPMT is genetically polymorphic and is associated with large interindividual variations in thiopurine drug toxicity and therapeutic efficacy. " 02/01/2005 - "TPMT is genetically polymorphic and is associated with large interindividual variations in thiopurine drug toxicity and therapeutic efficacy. " 09/01/2003 - "A common genetic polymorphism for TPMT is associated with large individual variations in thiopurine drug toxicity and therapeutic efficacy. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 02/01/2020 - "The most anticipated outcomes were improved the effectiveness of therapy (45.1%, n = 1909), avoid adverse drug reactions (29%, n = 1228), and decrease the cost of medications (18.8%, n = 797). " 01/01/2020 - "Thus, we describe here some of the challenges identified with treating AML including off-target toxicity, drug transporters, clonal heterogeneity, and adaptive resistance, and some of the most promising opportunities for improved therapy." 01/01/2014 - "Although antiretroviral (ARV) therapy has dramatically improved the quality of life and increased the life expectancy of those infected with HIV but frequency of dosing and drug toxicity as well as the development of viral resistance pose additional limitations. " 11/01/2001 - "Some of these important developments are the delineation of mechanisms of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced gastrointestinal toxicity, identification of groups at highest risk for development of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced gastrointestinal complications, recognition of co-therapies that could reduce nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug toxicity, and, most recently, development of classes of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with improved gastrointestinal safety profiles. " 11/01/2021 - "Medical imaging is becoming increasingly important in the evaluation of kidney physiology and pathophysiology, showing promise in management of patients with renal disease, in particular with regard to diagnosis, classification, and prediction of disease development and progression, monitoring response to therapy, detection of drug toxicity, and patient selection for clinical trials. "
2.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 07/01/2002 - "The guidelines for the prevention of adverse drug reactions are also necessary to achieve the best results from chemotherapy. " 07/15/2014 - "Improving the therapeutic efficacy and reducing systemic side effects of drugs is an important aspect in chemotherapy. " 11/01/2021 - "Previous research has found that the understanding of the health hazards related to pharmacotherapy can be significantly improved by providing information on the frequencies of adverse drug reactions in both the active- and the placebo group." 05/26/2018 - "Result: Based on the analysis of the effect of the implementation of MSP (75 and 106 medical records of pre- and post-intervention), it is obtained: 1) the adherence of chemotherapy transcribing post-intervention increases significantly compared to pre-intervention (p<0.05), 2) the adherence of chemotherapy administering increases significantly in almost every aspect (p<0.05), except in preparing drugs by two different health worker, patient’s confirmation of ADEs management, and verification of drug’s expired date, 3) The adherence of chemotherapy monitoring improved significantly post-intervention (p<0.05), 4) Adverse Drug Events (ADE) decreased significantly post-intervention (p<0.05), from 52.1% to 30.5%. " 01/01/1998 - "Current efforts to improve therapeutic efficacy have concentrated on decreasing drug toxicity and increasing drug doses (e.g., high-dose chemotherapy with peripheral stem-cell support). "
3.	Polypharmacy 09/01/1998 - "Geriatric patients exhibit a decline in the hepatic clearance of certain drugs and a marked increase in the frequency of adverse drug reactions, reflecting an increase in polypharmacy regimens and declines in liver volume and blood flow rather than reduced Phase I metabolism. " 06/01/2023 - "Additionally, the system was found to be beneficial for patients and their caregivers in understanding their medications, as well as usable and acceptable among healthcare professionals, patients, and caregivers, highlighting the potential to improve the prescription process and reduce errors, and enhancing the quality of care for elderly patients with polypharmacy, reducing adverse drug events, and improving medication management." 01/01/2016 - "Polypharmacy has become an emerging public health issue in recent years, since use of multiple medications or polypharmacy is beneficial for many conditions, but may also have negative effects like adverse drug reactions. " 07/31/2012 - "The combination of ART with polypharmacy significantly increases the chance of potentially serious drug-drug interactions (DDIs), which can lead to drug toxicity, poorer ART adherence, loss of efficacy of the coadministered medication, or virologic breakthrough. " 01/01/2020 - "In single-center trials, applying STOPP/START criteria improved medication appropriateness, reduced polypharmacy, reduced adverse drug reactions (ADRs), led to fewer falls, and lower medication costs. "
4.	Medication Errors (Medication Error) 01/01/2003 - "Significant reduction of medication errors and adverse drug events requires systemic implementation of information technology, improvements in the reporting of errors, and integration with other systems designed to detect and prevent errors." 11/04/2016 - "Clinical decision support (CDS) systems with automated alerts integrated into electronic medical records demonstrate efficacy for detecting medication errors (ME) and adverse drug events (ADEs). " 01/01/2010 - "Computerized provider order entry (CPOE) has been shown to improve patient safety by reducing medication errors and subsequent adverse drug events (ADEs). " 10/01/2023 - "1.3% medication errors and 0.23% adverse drug reactions were reported during the study period. " 05/01/2023 - "Therefore, the present study was conducted to review the effectiveness of computerized physician order entry systems (CPOE) on relative risk reduction on medication error and adverse drug events (ADE). "
5.	Drug Prescriptions 04/01/2020 - "This pharmacovigilance study was conducted in Amravati region of central India to identify the nature and prevalence of adverse drug reactions, which will be helpful for better drug prescription practice and management of diseases. " 11/01/2001 - "The article goes into three main issues: the production of evidence about efficacy of drugs, their safety profile through the collection of data about adverse drug reactions and the appropriateness of drug prescription." 01/01/2012 - "Initial empirical studies and pilot implementations seem to indicate that generic safe and effective multi-drug prescription principles could be defined and reused to reduce adverse drug events and to support compliance with medical guidelines and drug formularies. " 01/01/2024 - "Knowledge about the epidemiology and the frequency of adverse drug reactions may be helpful in increasing the awareness of physicians for correct and rational drug prescriptions, which can reduce unnecessary hospital referrals and treatment costs." 12/01/1999 - "Clinical pharmacogenomics promises to increase the safety and efficacy of drug prescription, decrease the incidence of adverse drug reactions, help improve public health, and presage in an era of personalized, predictive, and prophylactic medicine. "