Adenomyosis

The extension of endometrial tissue (ENDOMETRIUM) into the MYOMETRIUM. It usually occurs in women in their reproductive years and may result in a diffusely enlarged uterus with ectopic and benign endometrial glands and stroma.

Also Known As:

Networked: 1629 relevant articles (142 outcomes, 296 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Endometriosis
2.	Leiomyoma (Uterine Fibroids)
3.	Menorrhagia
4.	Dysmenorrhea (Menstrual Pain)
5.	Pain (Aches)

Experts

1.	Guo, Sun-Wei: 28 articles (05/2022 - 01/2008)
2.	Liu, Xishi: 24 articles (05/2022 - 01/2008)
3.	Duan, Hua: 24 articles (01/2022 - 12/2003)
4.	Wang, Sha: 18 articles (01/2022 - 05/2012)
5.	Zhang, Xinmei: 12 articles (06/2022 - 09/2008)
6.	Osuga, Yutaka: 12 articles (01/2022 - 03/2006)
7.	Li, Yan: 11 articles (01/2021 - 09/2005)
8.	Stewart, Elizabeth A: 10 articles (09/2021 - 03/2002)
9.	Petraglia, Felice: 9 articles (11/2022 - 09/2015)
10.	Chapron, Charles: 9 articles (01/2022 - 11/2014)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Adenomyosis:

1.	Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)FDA Link 01/01/2021 - "Efficacy of High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Combined With GnRH-a for Adenomyosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." 12/01/2013 - "So, we concluded that in FET, long-term GnRH agonist pretreatment significantly improved pregnancy outcomes in patients with adenomyosis." 12/01/2012 - "The presence of ultrasound diagnosed adenomyosis was associated with a significant reduction in successful implantation of good quality embryos in patients undergoing GnRH antagonist stimulation for IVF treatment (viable clinical pregnancy rate 23.6% versus 44.6%, P= 0.017). " 08/01/1999 - "The efficacy and safety of a short course of GnRH-a treatment of adenomyosis may be considered in patients who take less time than others to achieve a significant reduction of uterine size and relief of symptoms and in those who develop side effects." 12/01/2018 - "The combination of HIFU with GnRH-α is more effective than HIFU alone for ablation of diffuse adenomyosis. "
2.	Levonorgestrel (Plan B)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2023 - "In conclusions, the use of high-intensity focused ultrasound combined with the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system for the treatment of adenomyosis is safe and effective even though the long-term effect remains to be confirmed." 02/01/2018 - "To evaluate whether a maintenance levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system is effective for preventing the recurrence of postoperative adenomyosis-related symptoms. " 12/01/2015 - "The levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) is effective for the medical treatment of adenomyosis. " 01/01/2019 - "Mirena is effective and safe in the long term management of adenomyosis, but about one third patients may require further treatment because of the expulsion or ineffectiveness of Mirena." 11/01/2023 - "The levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) is commonly employed in adenomyosis management, showing promise in symptom improvement and reducing uterine size, despite the lack of standardized guidelines. "
3.	dienogestFDA Link 08/01/2021 - "Dienogest and COCs are effective in treating adenomyosis-associated symptoms after 6 months of use but dienogest is more effective. " 09/01/2017 - "We aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of dienogest (DNG), a progestational 19-norsteroid, administered for 52 weeks in patients with symptomatic adenomyosis. " 10/01/2014 - "Efficacy of dienogest in the treatment of symptomatic adenomyosis: a pilot study." 01/01/2018 - "The Effects of Dienogest on Macrophage and Natural Killer Cells in Adenomyosis: A Randomized Controlled Study." 10/01/2017 - "Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of dienogest in the treatment of painful symptoms in patients with adenomyosis: a randomized, double-blind, multicenter, placebo-controlled study."
4.	Progestins (Progestagens)IBA 01/01/2023 - "Evidence of progesterone resistance can be found in endometrium and ectopic lesions from adenomyosis patients, and may drive disease development and account for the failure of certain patients to respond to progestogens." 01/01/2018 - "The effects of oral progestin on uterine NK cells in adenomyosis have the potentials to be beneficial to pregnancies occurring following discontinuation of treatment in terms of embryo implantation and fetal protection (Registration number: TCTR20150921001)." 01/01/2018 - "Progestin has been used for symptomatic treatment of adenomyosis, although its effect on the immune system has not been studied. " 08/01/2014 - "These pharmacological features of progestational compounds provide insight into the therapeutic strategy for the treatment of adenomyosis." 06/01/2011 - "These data suggest ER-β expression and the lack of PR expression are related to the development and/or progression of adenomyosis and might explain the poor response of adenomyosis-associated menstrual symptoms to progestational agents."
5.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)FDA Link 01/01/2023 - "Our objective was to study the expression of Hippo signaling pathway-related proteins in the uterus of mice with and without adenomyosis. " 01/01/2021 - "In this study, we utilized two-dimensional gel electrophoresis combined with protein identification by mass spectrometry (2D/MS) proteomics analysis to compare the differential protein expression profile between the paired eutopic and ectopic ESCs (EuESCs and EcESCs) in adenomyosis, and a total of 32 significantly altered protein spots were identified. " 10/01/2020 - "The aim of this study was to identify the presence of PIWI proteins in women with adenomyosis. " 01/01/2020 - "In previous studies, the protein expression level of the polarity protein Scribble in the eutopic endometrium of patients with adenomyosis was found to be significantly decreased; however, little is known about its regulatory mechanism. " 06/01/2019 - "This study discovered aberrant expression of polarity protein Scribble (Scrib) and Crumbs homologue 3 protein (CRB3) in epithelial cells of diffuse adenomyosis. "
6.	Estrogens (Estrogen)FDA Link 12/01/2012 - "However, these pregnancy outcome studies have primarily investigated patients undergoing long down-regulation IVF protocols, where low levels of serum estrogen (before commencing the ovarian stimulation) may inactivate the adenomyosis and potentially negate its effect on implantation. " 08/21/2023 - "In consideration of the important role of supraphysiologic estrogen production in the endometrium in the development of adenomyosis, we analyzed the effect and mechanism of estrogen on Scribble localization in vivo and in vitro. " 01/01/2023 - "Compared with endometrial tissue, unciliated and ciliated epithelial cells in adenomyosis comprised a significantly smaller portion of this tissue and exhibited molecular evidence of progesterone resistance and diminished regulation of estrogen signaling. " 01/01/2023 - "This review aimed to investigate the major estrogen downstream effectors involved in the process of adenomyosis development and their potential use for nonhormonal treatment. " 10/01/2022 - "Adenomyosis is an estrogen-dependent gynecological disorder. "
7.	Progesterone Receptors (Progesterone Receptor)IBA 01/01/2023 - "Progesterone receptor immunostaining was found to be significantly weaker in the stroma of endometrium and ectopic lesions from adenomyosis patients than disease-free women (P = 0.0001; P = 0.0021). " 08/01/2019 - "Unlike extrinsic adenomyosis, progesterone receptor expression was significantly decreased in both gland cells (P < 0.05) and stromal cells (P < 0.05) of intrinsic adenomyosis. " 01/01/2023 - "Deficient progesterone receptor expression results in progesterone resistance in both endometriosis and adenomyosis." 10/01/2022 - "Spatiotemporal expression pattern of Progesterone Receptor Component (PGRMC) 1 in endometrium from patients with or without endometriosis or adenomyosis." 01/01/2021 - "Moreover, in women affected by adenomyosis, immunity was reported to be directly or indirectly linked to sex steroid hormone aberrations (notably changes in progesterone receptor in eutopic and ectopic endometrium) in three studies and to EMT in four studies. "
8.	Hormones (Hormone)IBA 01/01/2004 - "A clinicopathological study of the relationship between adenomyosis and other hormone-dependent uterine lesions." 01/01/2023 - "There were no significant differences concerning the prognostic criteria reported in the literature (antimüllerian hormone level, age, presence of adenomyosis). " 01/01/2022 - "Background: Adenomyosis is a hormone-dependent benign gynecological disease characterized by the invasion of the endometrium into the myometrium. " 07/01/2021 - "Adenomyosis is a benign uterine disorder characterized by the invasion of the endometrium within the myometrium, starting from the junctional zone (JZ), the inner hormone dependent layer of the myometrium that plays an important role in sperm transport, implantation and placentation. " 01/01/2017 - "A PSM was generated using a logistic regression model based on the age, antimüllerian hormone (AMH) serum level, and presence of adenomyosis to compare the treatment strategy. "
9.	Danazol (Azol)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1992 - "The inhibitory effects of danazol were also evident in mice bearing pituitary isografts which were effective in inducing an early and a high incidence of adenomyosis. " 09/01/2008 - "These results suggest that an IUCD loaded with an appropriate dose of danazol may be an effective treatment for adenomyosis and that human trials are warranted." 01/01/2021 - "The adenomyosis mice were divided into five groups: high-, middle-, and low-Qiu's group, danazol group, and model group. " 09/01/2008 - "Four months after grafting, IUCDs with three different quantities of danazol were prepared and used to treat the ICR mice with adenomyosis. " 09/01/2008 - "However, the local application of danazol to the uterus to treat adenomyosis is controversial. "
10.	Aromatase (CYP19)IBA 01/01/2017 - "The high expression levels of E2, ER, and P450arom in adenomyosis ectopic lesions and eutopic endometrium promote uterine adenomyosis cell proliferation, in which process E2 combines with ER to execute its biological effect; ER also promotes the occurrence and development of uterine adenomyosis through other pathways." 01/01/2017 - "The expression levels of E2, ER, and P450arom were significantly higher in adenomyosis ectopic lesions and eutopic endometrium than in the myometrium and endometrium in the control group (P<0.05); no significant difference in E2 and P450arom expressions was found between adenomyosis ectopic lesions and eutopic endometrium (P>0.05), while the expression levels of ER in ectopic lesions was significantly higher than that in eutopic endometrium. " 09/01/2013 - "The aromatase expression in the myometrium of women with adenomyosis was increased when compared with the control group. " 08/01/1989 - "These results indicate that aromatase activity in adenomyosis may contribute to the growth of the ectopic endometrial tissue which occurs in this disease." 08/01/1989 - "Aromatase activity in the adenomyosis tissues was higher than that in normal endometrial or myometrial tissues, but lower than that found in myometrial or endometrial tumour tissue. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 03/01/2021 - "This minimally invasive therapy has been likewise effective for symptomatic adenomyosis but with nuances in UAE protocol and outcomes. " 11/01/2021 - "Ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave ablation therapy is a feasible, safe, and effective technique for the treatment of adenomyosis, and is worthy of clinical application and promotion." 12/01/2006 - "LNG-IUS is an effective and safe therapy for adenomyosis." 07/01/2018 - "The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of hormonal therapies for inhibiting an increase in uterine volume in patients with adenomyosis. " 07/01/2018 - "Efficacy of Hormonal Therapies for Decreasing Uterine Volume in Patients with Adenomyosis."
2.	Hysterectomy 08/01/2017 - "The QOL of patients with adenomyosis can be significantly improved by either USgHIFU or open hysterectomy, but USgHIFU is less costly. " 01/01/2022 - "The objective of the study was to analyze the efficacy of RFA for avoiding hysterectomy in patients with adenomyosis-related symptoms. " 03/01/2018 - "This trial will provide insight for caretakers and future patients about the effect of UAE compared to the gold standard hysterectomy in the treatment of symptomatic adenomyosis and is therefore expected to improve patients' wellbeing and quality of life. " 08/01/2014 - "Following a thorough search of the electronic databases Embase and Medline, nine articles assessing the diagnostic accuracy of the sonographic features of adenomyosis on TVS against a gold standard reference test (histology post hysterectomy), using sensitivity and specificity, were selected for inclusion. " 12/01/2023 - "Additional studies are needed to assess whether the utilisation of oncogenic driver mutations can inform the surveillance of patients with adenomyosis who had not undergone hysterectomy.Impact"
3.	Endometrial Ablation Techniques 08/01/2018 - "To evaluate the efficacy of NovaSure® radiofrequency global endometrial ablation (GEA) in adenomyosis. " 01/01/2022 - "For patients with adenomyosis who refuse surgery and are not candidates for the use of LNG-IUS, an ENG-releasing implant combined with endometrial ablation may be an effective alternative." 09/01/2021 - "Case of adenomyosis causing the activation of the coagulation system after a complete loss of endometrium following microwave endometrial ablation." 08/01/2018 - "Evaluation of NovaSure® global endometrial ablation in symptomatic adenomyosis: A longitudinal study with a 36 month follow-up." 02/01/2015 - "It is not clear whether adenomyosis is induced by endometrial ablation or whether it causes endometrial ablation failure."
4.	Uterine Artery Embolization 12/01/2008 - "This article reviews the pathophysiology of adenomyosis, its imaging characteristics, as well as recent studies evaluating the efficacy of uterine artery embolization for treatment of adenomyosis." 05/01/2016 - "To evaluate the safety and efficacy of uterine artery embolization (UAE) for the treatment of adenomyosis. " 09/01/2013 - "However, newer techniques including uterine artery embolization (UAE) and magnetic resonance imaging guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) show promise in treating adenomyosis. " 09/01/2017 - "The purpose of this study was to assess clinical outcomes 7 years after uterine artery embolization (UAE) in the treatment of symptomatic adenomyosis. " 09/01/2003 - "The purpose of this study was to determine the MRI features seen after uterine artery embolization and to evaluate the clinical response in patients with adenomyosis. "
5.	Intrauterine Devices (Intrauterine Device) 01/01/1990 - "[A case report of uterine hemorrhage following the insertion of the Medusa intrauterine contraceptive device in the presence of uterine adenomyosis]." 11/01/2021 - "The addition of 3D examination to 2D ultrasound in uterine pathology provided the most useful information concerning: Congenital uterine anomalies, intrauterine devices (IUDs), adenomyosis, and submucous myomas. " 09/01/1988 - "The causes of secondary dysmenorrhea, such as endometriosis, adenomyosis, complications of intrauterine devices, and congenital abnormalities, will often be associated with abnormalities noted on pelvic examination, and whenever dysmenorrheic patients have any abnormalities, further evaluation is necessary." 05/01/2019 - "This article considers the sonographic observations and techniques useful in diagnosis of a variety of gynecologic causes of pelvic pain in these women, including ovarian hemorrhage, ovarian torsion, pelvic inflammatory disease, endometriosis (particularly deeply infiltrating endometriosis), endometriomas, adenomyosis, pelvic congestion syndrome, and malpositioned intrauterine contraceptive devices. " 10/01/2015 - "There are many possible causes of heavy menstrual bleeding which include hormonal imbalance, fibroids, miscarriage or ectopic pregnancy, nonhormonal intrauterine device, adenomyosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, and rarely uterine, ovarian, or cervical cancer. "