Vascular Calcification

Deposition of calcium into the blood vessel structures. Excessive calcification of the vessels is associated with ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES formation particularly after MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (see MONCKEBERG MEDIAL CALCIFIC SCLEROSIS) and chronic kidney diseases which in turn increase VASCULAR STIFFNESS.

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Networked: 3514 relevant articles (115 outcomes, 559 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Chronic Renal Insufficiency
2.	Atherosclerosis
3.	Inflammation (Inflammations)
4.	Osteoporosis
5.	Hypercalcemia (Milk Alkali Syndrome)

Experts

1.	Schurgers, Leon J: 52 articles (01/2022 - 11/2004)
2.	Massy, Ziad A: 49 articles (06/2021 - 01/2002)
3.	Vermeer, Cees: 44 articles (01/2022 - 01/2002)
4.	Cozzolino, Mario: 44 articles (03/2021 - 11/2001)
5.	Ketteler, Markus: 32 articles (01/2022 - 01/2002)
6.	Stenvinkel, Peter: 31 articles (01/2022 - 12/2003)
7.	Giachelli, Cecilia M: 31 articles (10/2018 - 10/2002)
8.	Lang, Florian: 28 articles (01/2022 - 05/2013)
9.	Moe, Sharon M: 28 articles (01/2022 - 02/2002)
10.	Voelkl, Jakob: 27 articles (12/2021 - 05/2013)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Vascular Calcification:

1.	Phosphates (Orthophosphate)IBA 01/01/2022 - "On the other hand, our previous study showed that the impaired incremental response of serum FGF23 in response to oral phosphate load in diabetic patients can help to significantly increase serum phosphate (Yoda et al., J Clin Endocrinol Metab 97:E2036-43, 2012) and thus may contribute to progression of vascular calcification in those patients (personal observation). " 01/01/2022 - "Our study reveals a direct role of PCSK9 on vascular calcification induced by higher inorganic phosphate levels associated with renal impairment. " 01/01/2019 - "In this study, we investigated the relationship between uremic serum calcific potential induced by high phosphate (Pi) and vascular calcification score (VCS). " 01/01/2019 - "This study identifies ChemR23 as a previously unrecognized determinant of synthetic and osteoblastic smooth muscle cell phenotype, favouring phosphate-induced vascular calcification. " 01/01/2018 - "Therefore, the present study explored the effects of Fibulin-3 on phosphate-induced vascular calcification. "
2.	CalciumIBA 02/01/2023 - "CT studies of 100 men aged between 40 and 60 years of age were blindly reviewed and assigned a calcium score of their vascular calcification levels. " 01/01/2022 - "Restriction of calcium-based binders to avoid positive calcium balance and consequent vascular calcification risk has a physiological rationale and weight of observational studies. " 05/21/2020 - "In this study, we investigated whether there was a correlation between the coronary artery calcium score (CACS) and the vascular calcification score (VCS), and whether higher VCS increased the incidence of interventions and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE). " 04/10/2015 - "This study identifies MVs as exosomes and shows that factors that can increase exosome release can promote vascular calcification in response to environmental calcium stress. " 12/01/2013 - "Some studies also suggest that noncalcium binders may contribute less to vascular calcification than calcium-based binders. "
3.	Vitamin KFDA Link 03/01/2020 - "However, as important as whether the improvement in vitamin K status would be able to result in better bone quality, less vascular calcification, and lower mortality rates, several issues need to be clarified. " 01/01/2018 - "Both findings warrant more attention to vitamin K status in patients on dialysis, as vitamin K is necessary for protection against vascular calcification." 01/01/2022 - "Therefore, there is not yet solid evidence to support protective effects of vitamin K supplementation against vascular calcification in CKD. " 09/04/2020 - "It will also evaluate the efficacy of vitamin K supplementation in reducing the progression of vascular calcification in this group of patients. " 01/01/2023 - "Vitamin K supplementation and vascular calcification: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials."
4.	Sevelamer (RenaGel)FDA Link 10/01/2007 - "These data suggest that sevelamer treatment is associated with an improvement in aortic stiffness in HD patients, but it does not seem to affect serum levels of inhibitors of vascular calcification." 03/01/2017 - "Meta-analyses report reduced hypercalcaemia for non-CBBs versus CBBs, and compared with CBBs sevelamer has been reported to significantly reduce vascular calcification progression and, in some but not all studies, overall mortality. " 01/01/2018 - "Sevelamer, appear to have profiles that would lead to pleiotropic effects and reduced progression of vascular calcification, and the main adverse events seen with these agents are gastrointestinal. " 11/01/2016 - "Treatment with PPi (30 or 120 µmol/kg/day), sevelamer carbonate (1500 mg/kg/day) or vehicle was started at the time point at which vascular calcification was present and continued for 3 weeks. " 06/01/2016 - "This effect could contribute to the still controversial superiority of sevelamer in preventing vascular calcifications."
5.	Phosphorus (Red Phosphorus)IBA 01/01/2022 - "In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the H19/miR-138/TLR3 axis is involved in high phosphorus-mediated vascular calcification in rats with CKD." 01/01/2020 - "To study the effect of CR on phosphorus metabolism and vascular calcification (VC), rats were fed normal or restricted calories (67% of normal). " 09/01/2017 - "While 8 out of 10 cross-sectional studies found an association in this systematic review, the topic of vascular calcification and serum phosphorus needs further study if a cause and effect relationship is to be detected." 09/01/2017 - "One study indicated a statistically significant association between serum phosphorus and vascular calcification prevalence, but not incidence. " 09/01/2017 - "Of the 10 studies located, 8 indicated an association between serum phosphorus and vascular calcification. "
6.	MagnesiumIBA 01/01/2020 - "Calciprotein particle inhibition explains magnesium-mediated protection against vascular calcification." 01/01/2023 - "Despite significant increases in plasma magnesium among study participants who received magnesium compared with those who received placebo, magnesium supplementation did not slow the progression of vascular calcification in study participants. " 01/01/2023 - "In a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial, the authors investigated the effects of magnesium supplementation versus placebo on vascular calcification in patients with predialysis CKD. " 01/01/2022 - "This study demonstrates that increased dietary magnesium inhibits abdominal vascular calcification in an experimental animal model of CKD in vivo. " 01/01/2022 - "In this study we aimed to determine whether increased dietary magnesium intake inhibits vascular calcification in CKD in vivo and explore the mechanisms underlying these effects. "
7.	Vitamin DFDA LinkGeneric 07/17/2023 - "In the present study, we showed that cold temperature exposure (CT) in mice slowed down the formation of vitamin D (VD)-induced vascular calcification compared with room temperature exposure (RT). " 10/03/2019 - "Experimental studies suggest that optimal levels of vitamin D have beneficial effects on the heart and blood vessels; however, high vitamin D concentrations have been implicated in promoting vascular calcification and arterial stiffness. " 10/01/2019 - "There were two major unexpected findings: first, vitamin D supplementation, which was previously believed to prevent or reduce vascular calcification, showed no cardiovascular benefit in large randomized, controlled trials. " 01/01/2016 - "Experimental studies have demonstrated various cardiovascular protective actions of vitamin D, but vitamin D intoxication in animals is known to induce vascular calcification. " 07/01/2014 - "On the other hand, in clinical studies, active vitamin D restores vascular calcification and improves heart function in dialysis patients. "
8.	Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3)FDA Link 05/01/2015 - "The aim of this study was to determine the effect of oral cholecalciferol treatment on vascular calcification, left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and other cardiac functions in dialysis patients. " 01/01/2022 - "Intravenous or intramedullary injection of AB-EVs promotes bone-fat imbalance and exacerbates Vitamin D3 (VD3)-induced vascular calcification in young or old mice. " 01/01/2021 - "Compared with wild-type mice, miR155-/- mice showed significant resistance to vitamin D3 induced vascular calcification. " 10/01/2018 - "Role of PKB/SGK-dependent phosphorylation of GSK-3α/β in vascular calcification during cholecalciferol overload in mice." 01/01/2018 - "The fine interplay of regulatory factors such as PTH, vitamin D3, FGF 23 and klotho reflect the delicate balance between vascular calcification and bone mineralization. "
9.	LipidsIBA 04/23/2021 - "The conceptual technology of small molecule glycomimetics, exemplified by compounds C1-4, has shown promising protective effects against lipid-induced endothelial dysfunction, restorative effects on diabetic endothelial colony forming cells, and preventative effects on downstream vascular calcification amongst other important in vitro and ex vivo studies. " 08/01/2012 - "Lipids in biocalcification: contrasts and similarities between intimal and medial vascular calcification and bone by NMR." 08/01/2002 - "Vascular calcification and osteoporosis: inflammatory responses to oxidized lipids." 10/01/1997 - "In addition, several observations that may explain the paradox of vascular calcification in the face of osteoporosis are noted, emphasizing the possible role of lipid oxidation products." 03/21/2023 - "Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the accumulation of lipids in the vessel wall, leading to the formation of an atheroma and eventually to the development of vascular calcification (VC). "
10.	paricalcitol (Zemplar)FDA Link 09/01/2013 - "Paricalcitol reduces BAP levels, which may be beneficial for reducing vascular calcification. " 04/01/2008 - "In some animal models of CKD paricalcitol does not cause vascular calcification, while other VDRAs do. " 06/30/2023 - "Paricalcitol has protective effects from vascular calcification in chronic hemodialysis patients." 01/01/2007 - "Paricalcitol, a selective VDRA, is reported to exert specific effects on gene expression in various cell types that are involved in vascular calcification and the development of coronary artery disease. " 01/01/2011 - "The Effect of Paricalcitol on Vascular Calcification and Cardiovascular Disease in Uremia: Beyond PTH Control."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 04/01/2023 - "The present study suggested that KAP1 participated in the osteoblast differentiation of VSMCs via the ERK/Runx2 cascade and served as a potential diagnostics and therapeutics target for vascular calcification." 07/01/2019 - "Previous studies have confirmed that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) therapy can reduce vascular calcification, but the specific mechanism is still controversial. " 01/01/2012 - "In-depth study and thorough understanding of vascular calcification mechanisms may be crucial for establishing an effective vasculoprotective therapy. " 11/10/1973 - "An objective radiographic study of erosions, fractures, and periarticular and vascular calcification was made in a series of 135 patients over 10 years of maintenance haemodialysis therapy. " 11/15/2023 - "The pathogenesis of vascular calcification is incompletely understood, and until now, there have been no effective therapeutics for vascular calcification. "
2.	Renal Dialysis (Hemodialysis) 01/01/2023 - "To study the influencing factors for coronary artery calcification (CAC) in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients and the relationship between CAC and bone metabolism markers and to attempt to find a reliable marker linking vascular calcification and bone metabolism in MHD patients. " 01/01/2023 - "Vascular calcification (VC) has been observed in patients with hemodialysis, whereas few studies have investigated calcification in the upper extremity vasculature. " 01/01/2022 - "Sclerostin might be involved in the pathogenesis of vascular calcification, but few studies have examined the association between sclerostin and mortality in hemodialysis patients. " 05/01/2021 - "There is a lack of studies describing the prevalence of vascular calcification (VC) and its association with mortality in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients of African descent. " 09/04/2020 - "Our study seeks to evaluate the prevalence and the progression of vascular calcification in a cohort of maintenance hemodialysis patients. "
3.	Peritoneal Dialysis 01/01/2019 - "Study on the Prevalence of Vascular Calcification in Different Types of Arteries and Influencing Factors in Maintenance Peritoneal Dialysis Patients." 09/01/2011 - "The objective of this study is to compare predictability of two different vascular calcification scoring systems using plain radiographs in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. " 11/27/2023 - "Vascular calcification inhibitors and cardiovascular events in peritoneal dialysis patients." 05/11/2023 - "Data regarding vascular calcification (VC) in contemporary peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients is scarce. " 05/11/2023 - "Vascular calcification in peritoneal dialysis patients and its association with bone-derived molecules and bone histomorphometry."
4.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 02/01/2021 - "However, despite clinical trials to evaluate the efficacy of drug therapies to treat vascular calcification, none have been shown to have efficacy until the present. " 01/01/2021 - "Taken together, our findings provide evidence that CPECs-CM had the potential to inhibit vascular calcification with potent application in chemoprevention and chemotherapy of human CCD." 09/01/2007 - "Vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease: new developments in drug therapy." 01/01/2011 - "Ankylosing spondylitis, late osteoarthritis, vascular calcification, chondrocalcinosis and pseudo gout: toward a possible drug therapy."
5.	Renal Replacement Therapy (Therapies, Renal Replacement) 03/24/2017 - "Finally, we address to detect microcirculatory impairment and eradicate vascular calcification as early as possible prior to renal replacement therapy. " 01/01/2009 - "Total time on any renal replacement therapy (RRT) and diabetes were positively associated with a higher prevalence of vascular calcifications. " 08/01/2006 - "At the start of renal replacement therapy, 67.5% of the patients showed vascular calcifications. " 12/01/2008 - "Accelerated vascular calcification is a severe complication of chronic kidney disease contributing to high morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing renal replacement therapy. " 05/01/2006 - "Nocturnal haemodialysis (NHD) is a novel form of renal replacement therapy which has multiple physiologic effects that may affect vascular calcification, including improvements in phosphate and uraemia control. "