Cognitive Dysfunction

Diminished or impaired mental and/or intellectual function.

Also Known As:

Cognitive Decline; Cognitive Impairments; Mental Deterioration; Cognitive Declines; Cognitive Disorders; Cognitive Dysfunctions; Cognitive Impairment; Cognitive Impairment, Mild; Cognitive Impairments, Mild; Decline, Cognitive; Declines, Cognitive; Deterioration, Mental; Deteriorations, Mental; Disorder, Cognitive; Disorders, Cognitive; Dysfunction, Cognitive; Dysfunctions, Cognitive; Impairment, Cognitive; Impairment, Mild Cognitive; Impairments, Cognitive; Impairments, Mild Cognitive; Mental Deteriorations; Mild Cognitive Impairments; Cognitive Disorder; Mild Cognitive Impairment

Networked: 42642 relevant articles (2975 outcomes, 7976 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Mental Disorders: 24177
- Neurocognitive Disorders: 1448
  - Cognition Disorders: 45
    - Cognitive Dysfunction: 42642
      - Postoperative Cognitive Complications: 956
      - Chemotherapy-Related Cognitive Impairment: 287

Related Diseases

1.	Alzheimer Disease (Alzheimer's Disease)
2.	Dementia (Dementias)
3.	Schizophrenia (Dementia Praecox)
4.	Neuroinflammatory Diseases
5.	Cognitive Dysfunction

Experts

1.	Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative: 272 articles (11/2022 - 09/2010)
2.	Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative: 239 articles (11/2022 - 01/2009)
3.	Blennow, Kaj: 221 articles (04/2022 - 01/2003)
4.	Zetterberg, Henrik: 214 articles (11/2022 - 03/2006)
5.	Scheltens, Philip: 156 articles (10/2022 - 03/2002)
6.	Bennett, David A: 146 articles (04/2022 - 02/2002)
7.	Petersen, Ronald C: 144 articles (10/2022 - 11/2002)
8.	Jack, Clifford R: 126 articles (10/2022 - 11/2002)
9.	Masters, Colin L: 118 articles (05/2022 - 10/2004)
10.	Knopman, David S: 110 articles (10/2022 - 11/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Cognitive Dysfunction:

1.	Amyloid (Amyloid Fibrils)IBA 11/01/2019 - "In behavioral experiments, L. bicolor (25 and 50 mg/kg, p. o.) significantly improved amyloid beta25 - 35 (6 nmol, intracerebroventricular)-induced cognitive dysfunction in the Y-maze, novel recognition, and passive avoidance tests. " 01/01/2022 - "Thus, although undetermined, MKP may be effective against pathological amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation-induced cognitive impairment. " 01/01/2021 - "Collectively, our data demonstrate that SYG might exert protective effects on cognitive impairment induced by amyloid-β oligomers via inhibition of astrocyte reactivity regulated by the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. " 01/01/2018 - "The Protective Effects of Gardenia jasminoides (Fructus Gardenia) on Amyloid-β-Induced Mouse Cognitive Impairment and Neurotoxicity." 03/01/2010 - "Amyloid deposition is associated with lower cognitive performance both in AD patients and in the normal elderly, but the association is modified by CR, suggesting that CR may be protective against amyloid-related cognitive impairment."
2.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)FDA Link 11/01/2023 - "After BMSCs treatment of RIBI, cognitive dysfunction improved significantly, the expression of hippocampal neurofunctional proteins was increased, the integrity of the hippocampal neural structure was protected, and nerve cell survival was enhanced. " 07/01/2015 - "Here, we find the temporal decrease in GLT-1 levels in the hippocampus of the 3xTg-AD mouse model and that the pharmacological upregulation of GLT-1 significantly ameliorates the age-dependent pathological tau accumulation, restores synaptic proteins, and rescues cognitive decline with minimal effects on Aβ pathology. " 12/20/2022 - "The improvement in overall protein intake was negatively associated with cognitive impairment with multivariable-adjusted HR of 0.98 (95% CI = 0.97-0.99). " 09/14/2023 - "Moreover, treatment with KRPBE improved cognitive dysfunction by regulating the neuro-inflammatory protein expression levels of p-JNK, p-Akt, p-IκB-α, COX-2, and IL-1β. " 05/01/2023 - "In AD mice, DHM improved the cognitive disorder in mice, suppressed inflammatory injury in brain tissues and lowered the expression of TLR4 protein. "
3.	Biomarkers (Surrogate Marker)IBA 04/01/2020 - "The findings suggest that a shift in network function between the acute and remitted states may be related to distinct emotional and cognitive dysfunctions in BD, which may have important implications for identifying clinically relevant biomarkers to guide alternative treatment strategies for BD patients during active episodes or remission. " 01/01/2019 - "Adding these 3 biomarkers to conventional model significantly improved the risk prediction of cognitive impairment (C statistic 0.729 vs. 0.688, p = 0.004; net reclassification improvement = 33.67%, p < 0.001; integrated discrimination index = 4.61%; p < 0.001). " 01/01/2018 - "In conclusion, these findings provide evidence showing that radiomic features are beneficial in detecting early cognitive decline, and SVM classification analysis provides encouraging evidence for using hippocampal radiomic features as a potential biomarker for clinical applications in AD." 11/01/2020 - "The study may help to find new clusters of symptoms, biological markers, and cognitive dysfunctions that have better prognostic value than the current diagnostic categories. " 12/01/2022 - "Recent investigations have used advanced MR sequences assessing cerebral hemodynamics, white matter microstructure and functional connectivity to better understand the pathophysiology of cognitive decline in SCD, with the long-term goal of developing neuroimaging biomarkers to be used in risk prediction algorithms and to assess the efficacy of treatment options for patients with SCD."
4.	Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF)IBA 01/01/2019 - "This method will be beneficial for screening of candidate drugs for ameliorating symptoms of neurological diseases associated with reduced Bdnf expression in the brain, as well as candidate inhibitors of aging-related cognitive decline." 10/01/2014 - "These data suggest that exercise improves memory retrieval, particularly with respect to avoiding aversive stimuli, and may be beneficial in protecting against diet induced cognitive decline, likely via elevated BDNF in neurons of the CA3 region." 07/24/2023 - "Thus, MF treatment ameliorates CCH-induced cognitive impairment by regulating ERK/CREB/BDNF signaling, suggesting that MF is a therapeutic candidate for treating CCH." 07/06/2018 - "These findings suggested that EA is a potential therapeutic for ameliorate cognitive dysfunction, and it might be due to EA could improve NAA and Glu metabolism by upregulation of BDNF in APP/PS1 mice." 01/01/2020 - "Our findings indicate that YQF extract activates the BDNF/TrkB pathway through the upregulation of Erk and Akt signaling, and the activated signaling pathway might contribute to the protective effects of YQF extract on cognitive impairment in aged rats."
5.	Cholinergic Agents (Cholinergics)IBA 01/01/2000 - "MHP36 cells are effective in restoring spatial memory deficits in rats after excitotoxic lesions of the cholinergic projections to cortex and hippocampus and in rats showing cognitive impairments due to normal ageing. " 03/01/1994 - "The possible use of TRH and its analogs as therapeutic treatment for the cognitive dysfunctions resulting from electroconvulsive shock treatment for depression and the possible involvement of central cholinergic systems in the cognitive dysfunctions are discussed." 10/01/2018 - "Our findings suggest that EOFS would be useful for the treatment of cholinergic blockade-induced cognitive dysfunction." 01/01/2019 - "Documentation in the 1980s of selective loss of cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain, followed by clinical improvement in those treated with inhibitors of acetylycholinesterase, supported the "cholinergic hypothesis of age-related cognitive dysfunction" (Bartus et al., 1982). " 10/01/2018 - "Ethanolic Extract of Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten Ameliorates Cognitive Dysfunction Induced by Cholinergic Blockade in Mice."
6.	AntioxidantsIBA 07/17/2018 - "The results showed that both Se-Met and Se-yeast not only significantly increased the Se levels, enhanced the antioxidant capacity and improved the cognitive decline in the model, but also decreased the Aβ and tau pathologies in the brain tissue of the AD mice. " 05/01/2009 - "Previous findings have suggested that protection against age-related cognitive declines may be achieved by increasing the dietary intake of fruits and vegetables, especially those that are high in antioxidant activity, such as blueberries and strawberries. " 08/01/2015 - "In conclusion, the combined treatment of LEV with OM3 is more effective in seizure control and alleviating the cognitive impairment induced by PTZ kindling in the young rat model, the effects that result from the decrease in hippocampal oxidative stress and DNA damage which can be attributed to the antioxidant properties of both LEV and OM3. " 11/01/2023 - "Although in vivo studies have shown promising results in mitigating the detrimental effects of oxidative stress, there is currently a lack of introduced antioxidant treatment options targeting cognitive impairments associated with T21. " 10/01/2012 - "In the present study, we have investigated the neuroprotective efficacy of a low-dose combination of certain promising and powerful natural antioxidants in an experimental model of cognitive impairment. "
7.	Scopolamine (Hyoscine)FDA Link 12/31/2022 - "In the acquisition test, the HP7A group most reliably relieved cognitive decline from days 2 to 5 of scopolamine injection. " 04/15/2019 - "Further studies demonstrated that chronic oral treatment with 9b significantly improved cognitive dysfunction in scopolamine-induced AD mice in the step-down passive avoidance test. " 04/19/2017 - "The results showed that 8 mL kg-1 of AEAS used in this study significantly reversed scopolamine-induced cognitive impairments in mice in the novel object recognition test (P < 0.05) and the Y-maze test (P < 0.05), and also improved the latency to escape in the Morris water maze test (P < 0.05). " 01/01/2022 - "Results: Administration of GPCRAC extracts significantly recovered scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment, as evidenced by the improved learning and memory ability, increased Ach content and ChAT activity, as well as decreased AchE activity in the hippocampus of mice. " 08/01/2019 - "The results showed that ISO (5 and 10 mg/kg, p.o.) treatment significantly improved the cognitive impairments caused by scopolamine. "
8.	Antipsychotic Agents (Antipsychotics)IBA 01/01/2023 - "We consider cognitive impairment the most likely contributing factor of the secondary delusions and lack of insight encountered in our patients, and antipsychotics the most beneficial treatment. " 06/01/2004 - "The atypical antipsychotics, recently developed, have superior therapeutic efficacy to treat not only positive symptoms but negative symptoms and cognitive dysfunctions with much lower potentials of side effects, although the influence of atypical antipsychotics on the regulation of neuronal survival has been less investigated. " 03/01/2003 - "Although conventional antipsychotics are effective in treating positive symptoms, they lack the ability to improve cognitive impairment and produce poor functional outcome. " 01/01/2021 - "There are often various differences in the efficacy of different antipsychotics in the treatment of cognitive impairment by sex. " 01/01/2017 - "In conclusion, α7 PAMs, in addition to alleviate the cognitive impairments observed in SCH patients, may enhance the antipsychotic efficacy of atypical antipsychotics."
9.	Donepezil (Aricept)FDA LinkGeneric 04/01/2012 - "Donepezil was found to improve global cognition at 1 year, but the benefit did not persist at year 2. Subjects with mild cognitive impairment at baseline who received donepezil experienced higher depression recurrence than did those who took placebo (p = 0.03); this effect was not observed in cognitively intact subjects (p = 0.39). " 09/27/2022 - "A single-center, randomized, parallel design study to evaluate the efficacy of donepezil in improving visuospatial abilities in patients with mild cognitive impairment using eye-tracker: the COG-EYE study protocol for a phase II trial." 08/24/2004 - "Efficacy of donepezil in mild cognitive impairment: a randomized placebo-controlled trial." 01/01/2004 - "Extending studies for longer periods would be desirable to establish the efficacy of donepezil in patients with advanced stages of cognitive impairment. " 05/01/2022 - "Our in vivo results showed that SST administration improved cognitive impairment, similar to donepezil treatment (as a positive control), in NORT and PAT. "
10.	Memantine (Namenda)FDA Link 01/01/2008 - "Memantine significantly improved cognitive dysfunction throughout the study (the mean MMSE scorer were increased by 1,5 points compared to the baseline) especially due to the improvement of attention and executive functions. " 10/31/2023 - "The novel object recognition test indicated that memantine significantly improved cognitive dysfunction in septic mice. " 07/01/2016 - "We conclude that once-daily memantine (10 mg) treatment significantly improved cognition, memory and quality of life in epileptic patients with mild to moderate cognitive impairment and was found to have a favorable safety profile." 06/01/2016 - "Treatment with memantine appears to be beneficial for the treatment of ASD and associated psychopathology and cognitive dysfunction in intellectually capable adults. " 01/01/2014 - "Combined treatment with memantine and AChEIs was effective in patients with AD, particularly in slowing cognitive impairment and preventing the onset of agitation and aggression in elderly AD patients."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 02/04/2022 - "We assess the benefits and drawbacks of various acupuncture-related therapies, rank the efficacy of various acupuncture-related therapies in the treatment of poststroke cognitive impairment, and describe the best acupuncture intervention approaches or combinations based on the available data. " 03/28/2019 - "To identify the best available evidence on the efficacy of Reminiscence Therapy in cognition, depressive symptoms and quality of life in elderly individuals with cognitive impairment. " 01/01/2022 - "Remarkably, this approach opens the possibility of a short-duration, once-in-a-lifetime-only or very infrequent, preventive or curative therapy for AD; this therapy would be also effective for prevention and treatment of the 'common' pervasive aging-associated cognitive decline. " 01/01/2021 - "Evidence-based psychotherapies such as cognitive behavioral therapy, interpersonal psychotherapy, and problem-solving therapy are recommended for mild-moderate depression in older people; however, the efficacy of these are limited in very old patients (older than 75 years of age) and those with cognitive impairment. " 05/01/2016 - "We suggest that improved diagnoses and optimal therapeutics are needed to achieve the aim of cognitive decline prevention. "
2.	Cognitive Training 01/01/2021 - "The most effective treatment of cognitive impairments is drill and practice cognitive training. " 01/01/2018 - "To review the existing literature on the efficacy of cognitive rehabilitation in PD and highlight the most effective form of intervention to prevent cognitive decline. " 01/01/2014 - "USMART was effective in improving memory and was well tolerated by most participants with MCI, suggesting that it may be a convenient and cost-effective alternative for the cognitive rehabilitation of elderly subjects with cognitive impairments. " 01/01/2023 - "The neuropsychological assessment and the identification of patients with cognitive impairment and specific risk factors (e.g., older age and longer history of alcohol use) is important to orient cognitive rehabilitation and increase the efficacy of AUD treatments." 01/01/2013 - "To test the efficacy of cognitive training administered online, 18 participants (11 cognitively healthy; 7 mild cognitive impairment) were recruited from a clinical population of older adults to complete an online training intervention (CogniFit™). "
3.	Activities of Daily Living (ADL) 01/01/2021 - "Conclusion: Yoga and walking are important options for increasing functional mobility and balance function, and yoga might be particularly effective for decreasing depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment and improving activities of daily living in PD. " 01/30/2023 - "Our results showed that PA treatment significantly improved activities of daily living (ADL), ameliorated the anxiety-related behavioral deficits and cognitive impairments in TgCRND8 mice. " 01/01/2021 - "The administration of EGb761® (Tanakan®) led to a significant improvement of cognitive decline, memory, activities of daily living, and depression in subjects with aMCI over 24 months." 04/01/2015 - "After controlling for age, sex, ADL and cognitive impairment, there was a significant improvement in five out of six quality indicators between 2007 and 2013. " 06/01/2020 - "Previously we have shown that cognitive-motor integration (CMI) training in adults with cognitive impairments generalized to improved global cognitive and activities of daily living scores. "
4.	Electroacupuncture 06/07/2021 - "Although Electroacupuncture (EA) has been reported to be potentially effective for cognitive disorders, there is limited information about which domains of cognitive function can be improved by EA treatment. " 01/01/2021 - "In previous research, electroacupuncture (EA) has been shown to be an effective treatment for cognitive impairments. " 01/01/2021 - "Electroacupuncture has shown protective effects on cognitive decline. " 01/01/2016 - "Electroacupuncture (EA) has shown protective effects on cognitive decline. " 11/20/2023 - "Electroacupuncture ameliorates cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 mouse by modulating TFEB levels to relieve ALP dysfunction."
5.	Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation 11/01/2023 - "The aim of the study is to determine the efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation on global cognition and ability in daily life activities of patients with poststroke cognitive impairment. " 10/01/2022 - "Specifically, RS-tDCS is effective in patients with moderate cognitive decline. " 01/01/2019 - "Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) facilitates cognitive enhancement by directly increasing neuroplasticity, and has shown promising results as an external intervention to attenuate age-related cognitive decline. " 01/01/2023 - "These studies showed that tDCS, TMS, DBS, or VNS delivered to rodents restored TBI-induced deficits in coordination, balance, locomotor activity and improved cognitive impairments in memory, learning, and impulsivity. " 01/01/2020 - "This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to provide an overview of reported evidence on the efficacy of tDCS interventions in the treatment of cognitive impairments in PD. "