Morpholinos

Synthetic analogs of NUCLEIC ACIDS composed of morpholine ring derivatives (MORPHOLINES) linked by phosphorodimidates. One standard DNA nucleic acid base (ADENINE; GUANINE; CYTOSINE; OR THYMINE) is bound to each morpholine ring.

Also Known As:

MORF Oligomers; Morpholino Oligonucleotides; Morpholino Oligos; PMO Oligomers; Phosphorodiamidate Morpholino Oligomers; Morpholino Oligomer, Phosphorodiamidate; Morpholino Oligomers, Phosphorodiamidate; Oligomer, Phosphorodiamidate Morpholino; Oligomers, MORF; Oligomers, PMO; Oligomers, Phosphorodiamidate Morpholino; Oligonucleotide, Morpholino; Oligonucleotides, Morpholino; Oligos, Morpholino; Morpholino; Morpholino Oligonucleotide; Phosphorodiamidate Morpholino Oligomer

Networked: 636 relevant articles (40 outcomes, 60 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Iversen, Patrick L: 28 articles (02/2016 - 04/2002)
2.	Stein, David A: 20 articles (07/2011 - 04/2002)
3.	Moulton, Hong M: 15 articles (01/2017 - 06/2004)
4.	Aoki, Yoshitsugu: 13 articles (01/2021 - 08/2010)
5.	Yokota, Toshifumi: 11 articles (03/2019 - 08/2010)
6.	Takeda, Shin'ichi: 10 articles (03/2019 - 11/2009)
7.	Wilton, Steve D: 9 articles (12/2020 - 02/2006)
8.	Wood, Matthew J A: 9 articles (06/2017 - 12/2008)
9.	Sazani, Peter: 8 articles (01/2017 - 09/2009)
10.	Alpini, Gianfranco: 7 articles (11/2020 - 01/2017)

Related Diseases

1.	Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (Muscular Dystrophy, Becker) 03/01/2019 - "Exon skipping using phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMOs) is a promising treatment strategy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). " 10/11/2012 - "In Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), clinical trials have been performed with two different oligomers, a 2'O-methyl-ribo-oligonucleoside-phosphorothioate (2'OMe) and a phosphorodiamidate morpholino (PMO). " 01/01/2023 - "Phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer (PMO)-mediated exon skipping is a therapeutic approach that applies to many Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients harboring out-of-frame deletion mutations in the DMD gene. " 01/01/2021 - "Phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer (PMO)-mediated exon skipping is currently used in clinical development to treat Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), with four exon-skipping drugs achieving regulatory approval. " 04/25/2018 - "Here, we focus specifically on predicting CPPs for the delivery of phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligonucleotides (PMOs), a compelling type of antisense therapeutic that has recently been FDA approved for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. "
2.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 12/01/2002 - "The morpholino type Bcl-xL antisense oligos may be useful for the treatment of SCC, especially multidrug-resistant tumors with enhanced Bcl-xL levels." 01/01/2022 - "We previously demonstrated that non-ablative radiation improved delivery of anti-MGMT morpholino oligonucleotides (AMONs) to reduce MGMT levels in subcutaneous tumor xenografts. " 04/10/2005 - "Our study indicates that inhibition of MK expression by morpholino antisense oligomer is a promising novel and safe therapeutic strategy for cancers." 01/01/2021 - "This interaction enhances metastatic lung colonization and cancer cell invasion, in part through SNRPA1-mediated regulation of PLEC alternative splicing, which can be counteracted by splicing modulating morpholinos. " 08/01/2017 - "We report the first successful use of a non-ablative dose of ionizing radiation to prime human cancer cells to enhance the uptake of unmodified anti-MGMT morpholino oligonucleotide (AMON) sequences. "
3.	Edema (Dropsy) 07/01/2014 - "We then performed morpholino knockdown studies in zebrafish embryos to elucidate the physiological functions of Cx30.3. The zebrafish cx30.3 morphants exhibited wild-type-like and heart edema phenotypes with smaller inner ears at 72 hpf. " 10/01/2009 - "Morpholino knockdown studies demonstrated roles in eye and brain development and caused edema, indicating altered fluid and electrolyte balance. " 01/01/2022 - "Finally, we knocked down the HCN4 genes using antisense morpholino and found that knocking down either or both of the HCN4 channels caused a temporal decrease in heart rate and tended to cause pericardial edema. " 01/11/2021 - "The knockdown of yulink with three specific morpholinos in zebrafish resulted in cardiac dysfunctions with pericardial edema, decreased heart beats and cardiac output. " 01/01/2020 - "Finally, we used morpholino oligonucleotides to confirm that fignl2 knockdown resulted in severe heart edema, which was caused by abnormal vascular branching. "
4.	Infections 04/01/2018 - "In this study, we tested whether vivo-morpholino oligomers (vivo-MOs), whose effect on DENV infection has not previously been studied, can inhibit DENV infection. " 07/01/2016 - "By morpholino knockdown of mmp-9, we found that the morphants showed rapid death with much higher bacterial load after intravenous or intraventricular (brain ventricle) infection with L. " 05/01/2013 - "With the use of morpholino-mediated depletion, we show that infection-induced neutrophil mobilization from the CHT is mediated by Cxcr2 but not Cxcr1. " 09/01/2010 - "Here we show that administration of positively charged phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMOplus), delivered by various dosing strategies initiated 30-60 min after infection, protects>60% of rhesus monkeys against lethal Zaire Ebola virus (ZEBOV) and 100% of cynomolgus monkeys against Lake Victoria Marburg virus (MARV) infection. " 11/01/2007 - "Inhibition of foot-and-mouth disease virus infections in cell cultures with antisense morpholino oligomers."
5.	Glioma (Gliomas) 04/01/1999 - "A phase II study of KRN8602(MX2), a novel morpholino anthracycline derivative, in patients with recurrent malignant glioma." 01/01/2000 - "An investigation of the cytotoxicity of the morpholino anthracycline MX2 against glioma cells in vitro." 09/01/1995 - "The chemotherapeutic effect of MX2 (3'-deamino-3'-morpholino-13-deoxo-10-hydroxycarminomycin), a new lipophilic morpholino anthracycline, against rat C6 and human T98G glioma cells, was examined in vitro and in vivo. " 09/01/1995 - "The antitumor effect of MX2, a new morpholino anthracycline, against malignant glioma cell lines and its subcellular distribution." 10/01/1995 - "[Antitumor effect of MX2, a new morpholino anthracycline against C6 glioma cells and its combination effect with photodynamic therapy in vitro]."

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Peptides (Polypeptides)
2.	Anthracyclines
3.	Antisense Oligonucleotides
4.	Oligonucleotides
5.	Morpholinos
6.	Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins (TCDD)
7.	Dystrophin
8.	eteplirsen
9.	AVI-4126
10.	Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics
2.	Time-to-Treatment
3.	Intravenous Administration
4.	Injections
5.	Sutures (Suture)