Protoporphyrins

Porphyrins with four methyl, two vinyl, and two propionic acid side chains attached to the pyrrole rings. Protoporphyrin IX occurs in hemoglobin, myoglobin, and most of the cytochromes.

Networked: 47 relevant articles (1 outcomes, 1 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Iseki, Hiroshi: 3 articles (05/2013 - 01/2008)
2.	Kobayashi, Etsuko: 3 articles (05/2013 - 01/2008)
3.	Liao, Hongen: 3 articles (05/2013 - 01/2008)
4.	Maruyama, Takashi: 3 articles (05/2013 - 01/2008)
5.	Muragaki, Yoshihiro: 3 articles (05/2013 - 01/2008)
6.	Sakuma, Ichiro: 3 articles (05/2013 - 01/2008)
7.	Noguchi, Masafumi: 2 articles (04/2012 - 01/2008)
8.	Coenen, Sandra: 1 article (04/2022)
9.	Langendonk, Janneke G: 1 article (04/2022)
10.	Wagenmakers, Margreet A E M: 1 article (04/2022)

Related Diseases

1.	Neurologic Manifestations (Neurological Manifestations) 03/01/1987 - "Hematocrit increase of 3 to 19 vol% was associated with correction of microcytosis, significant reduction in abnormal levels of free erythrocyte protoporphyrins, and amelioration of the bone-related symptoms and neurologic signs of aluminum intoxication. "
2.	Glioma (Gliomas) 03/15/2008 - "Effect of serum and BSA on the cytotoxicity of metal protoporphyrins in glioma cells is first demonstrated in the present study, and the roles of ROS, MAPKs, and HO-1 were elucidated." 08/01/2012 - "5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is a pro-drug that leads to accumulation of fluorescent protoporphyrins in malignant gliomas. " 04/01/2012 - "5-ALA is a non-fluorescent prodrug that leads to intracellular accumulation of fluorescent protoporphyrins IX (PpIX) in malignant glioma. " 01/01/2008 - "5-ALA is a non-fluorescent prodrug that leads to intracellular accumulation of fluorescent protoporphyrins IX (PpIX) in malignant glioma. "
3.	Erythropoietic Protoporphyria 01/01/1990 - "Erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) is characterized by increased red cell protoporphyrins and is included in the differential diagnosis of children presenting with photosensitivity. " 01/01/2018 - "Erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) is a rare inherited disorder of the heme biosynthesis pathway resulting in the accumulation of protoporphyrins in the blood, erythrocytes, and other tissues. " 08/01/1977 - "Comparative study of protoporphyrins in erythropoietic protoporphyria and griseofulvin-induced murine protoporphyria. " 04/01/2022 - "In erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP), which presents with severe painful phototoxicity, progressive deposition of protoporphyrins in hepatocytes and bile canaliculi may result in liver disease. " 01/01/1986 - "Patients with acute symptoms of photosensitivity with burning pain and oedema within short exposure periods may have erythropoietic protoporphyria, with high erythrocyte and stool protoporphyrins, erythropoietic coproporphyria, and in the last few years of life the more recently described hepatoerythropoietic porphyria. "
4.	Variegate Porphyria (Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase Deficiency) 06/16/1983 - "In porphyria variegata, fecal protoporphyrins are significantly increased. " 07/01/1986 - "Examination of stools demonstrated an increase of protoporphyrins and coproporphyrins, with prevalence of the former, characteristic of porphyria variegata. " 11/01/1987 - "A 29-yr-old man with neurological symptoms that included tremor, dysarthria, and loss of consciousness was diagnosed as having variegate porphyria, because of increased urinary excretion of delta-aminolevulinic acid, porphobilinogen, uroporphyrin, and coproporphyrin, and increased fecal uro-, copro-, and protoporphyrins. " 04/03/1980 - "We measured the activities of protoporphyrinogen oxidase, which catalyzes the oxidation of protoporphyrinogen to protoporphyrin, and heme synthase, which catalyzes the chelation of iron to protoporphyrins, in cultured skin fibroblasts from five normal controls and five patients with variegate porphyria. "
5.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 09/01/1988 - "Content of copro- and protoporphyrins was studied in erythrocytes of women with tumor of genitals. " 12/01/1986 - "Elevation of erythrocyte zinc- and free protoporphyrins with metastatic spread in cancer patients." 05/01/2013 - "A 5-aminolevulinic acid-induced fluorescent protoporphyrins IX (PpIX)-based intra-operative fluorescence measurement and corresponding spectra analysis technique is used to identify the position of tumors. " 05/05/2006 - "Furthermore, protoporphyrins are essential, in the form of heme, for the synthesis of nitric oxide, over-production of which is associated with cancer. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Aluminum
2.	Metals
3.	Heme (Haem)
4.	protoporphyrin IX
5.	Coproporphyrins
6.	Zinc
7.	Prodrugs
8.	Porphyrins
9.	Hemoglobins (Hemoglobin)
10.	Heme Oxygenase-1

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Liver Transplantation