Juvenile Arthritis (Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis)

Arthritis in children, with onset before 16 years of age. The terms juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) refer to classification systems for chronic arthritis in children. Only one subtype of juvenile arthritis (polyarticular-onset, rheumatoid factor-positive) clinically resembles adult rheumatoid arthritis and is considered its childhood equivalent.

Also Known As:

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis; Juvenile Chronic Arthritis; Arthritis, Juvenile; Enthesitis-Related Arthritis, Juvenile; Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis; Juvenile-Onset Still Disease; Juvenile-Onset Stills Disease; Oligoarthritis, Juvenile; Polyarthritis, Juvenile, Rheumatoid Factor Negative; Polyarthritis, Juvenile, Rheumatoid Factor Positive; Psoriatic Arthritis, Juvenile; Still Disease, Juvenile-Onset; Systemic Arthritis, Juvenile; Arthritides, Childhood; Arthritis, Childhood; Arthritis, Juvenile Enthesitis-Related; Arthritis, Juvenile Psoriatic; Arthritis, Juvenile Systemic; Childhood Arthritides; Chronic Arthritis, Juvenile; Enthesitis Related Arthritis, Juvenile; Idiopathic Arthritis, Juvenile; Juvenile Enthesitis-Related Arthritis; Juvenile Oligoarthritis; Juvenile Onset Still Disease; Juvenile Onset Stills Disease; Juvenile Psoriatic Arthritis; Juvenile Systemic Arthritis; Juvenile-Onset Still's Disease; Rheumatoid Arthritis, Juvenile; Still Disease, Juvenile Onset; Still's Disease, Juvenile Onset; Stills Disease, Juvenile-Onset; Arthritis, Juvenile Chronic; Arthritis, Juvenile Idiopathic; Arthritis, Juvenile Rheumatoid; Childhood Arthritis; PCJIA; PJIA Polyarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis; Polyarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis; Polyarticular-Course Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis; Still's Disease, Juvenile-Onset

Networked: 4646 relevant articles (376 outcomes, 615 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Uveitis
2.	Rheumatoid Arthritis
3.	Arthritis (Polyarthritis)
4.	Psoriatic Arthritis
5.	Pain (Aches)

Experts

1.	Martini, Alberto: 85 articles (01/2022 - 01/2002)
2.	Horneff, Gerd: 68 articles (01/2022 - 04/2004)
3.	Ruperto, Nicolino: 62 articles (01/2022 - 07/2004)
4.	Lovell, Daniel J: 60 articles (01/2022 - 07/2002)
5.	Cimaz, Rolando: 53 articles (11/2022 - 10/2002)
6.	Wulffraat, Nico M: 50 articles (04/2022 - 02/2003)
7.	Ravelli, Angelo: 46 articles (11/2022 - 01/2002)
8.	Brunner, Hermine I: 46 articles (01/2022 - 02/2002)
9.	Quartier, Pierre: 43 articles (01/2022 - 10/2002)
10.	Yokota, Shumpei: 42 articles (03/2021 - 09/2003)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Juvenile Arthritis:

1.	Methotrexate (Mexate)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2016 - "Synthetic DMARDS, especially methotrexate, rightfully remain the first-line treatment of most categories of juvenile arthritis, as attested by several international guidelines. " 12/12/2015 - "Children and young people (CYP) with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) are known to have impaired health-related quality of life (HRQoL), which is improved significantly for many by treatment with methotrexate (MTX). " 04/01/2009 - "An improved high-performance liquid chromatography method for quantification of methotrexate polyglutamates in red blood cells of children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis." 07/01/2004 - "To compare the safety and efficacy of parenteral methotrexate (MTX) at an intermediate dosage (15 mg/m(2)/week) versus a higher dosage (30 mg/m(2)/week) in patients with polyarticular-course juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) who failed to improve while receiving standard dosages of MTX (8-12.5 mg/m(2)/week). " 04/16/1992 - "Methotrexate may also be effective in children with resistant juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, but the supporting data are from uncontrolled trials. "
2.	Etanercept (Enbrel)FDA Link 01/01/2011 - "Complete control of disease activity and remission induced by treatment with etanercept in juvenile idiopathic arthritis." 01/01/2019 - "The last case had a diagnosis of polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), successfully treated with etanercept, and has been in remission for 2 years. " 08/01/2009 - "Treatment with etanercept once weekly using a double dosage leads to a significant improvement of disease activity in patients with active polyarticular course juvenile idiopathic arthritis and is well tolerated." 01/01/2003 - "In patients with polyarticular-course juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, etanercept resulted in improvements in all measures of disease activity and was significantly more effective than placebo at reducing disease flare. " 01/01/2002 - "In patients with polyarticular-course juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, etanercept resulted in improvements in all measures of disease activity and was significantly more effective than placebo at reducing disease flare. "
3.	tocilizumab (atlizumab)FDA Link 01/01/2017 - "Complete clinical remission with tocilizumab in two infants with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a case series." 01/01/2015 - "Successful treatment with tocilizumab every 4 weeks of a low disease activity group who achieve a drug-free remission in patients with systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis." 09/08/2021 - "Tocilizumab has been shown to be effective for treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). " 03/22/2008 - "Tocilizumab is effective in children with systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis. " 01/01/2021 - "Objective: We performed a single-center retrospective study to determine the different efficacy of tocilizumab (TCZ) in the early and late stages and in three phenotypic subgroups (monocyclic, polycyclic, and persistent) of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA). "
4.	Adalimumab (Humira)FDA Link 01/01/2020 - "Long-term safety and efficacy of adalimumab among patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) was evaluated through 6 years of treatment. " 03/01/2011 - "To evaluate the safety and efficacy of adalimumab (AD) administration in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). " 03/01/2011 - "Safety and efficacy of adalimumab treatment in Greek children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis." 03/01/2021 - "This study was conducted to assess the real-world safety and effectiveness of adalimumab in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). " 03/01/2021 - "Safety and effectiveness of adalimumab in Japanese patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: Results from a real-world postmarketing study."
5.	Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (Tumor Necrosis Factor)IBA 04/29/2021 - "Anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) drugs have improved the prognosis for juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) significantly. " 01/01/2017 - "Two thirds of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) treated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha inhibitors respond initially, but only about one third of patients achieve clinical remission at follow-up. " 10/01/2011 - "To estimate the length of time to disease flare and the likelihood of achieving clinical remission after discontinuation of treatment with tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) blockers in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). " 05/01/2009 - "Clinical remission in patients with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis treated with anti-tumor necrosis factor agents." 08/01/2017 - "The study aims to evaluate the clinical significance of serum levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and -308 A/G promoter polymorphism in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) patients and find any association to the subsets, clinical and laboratory features, disease activity, and damage as well as functional disability. "
6.	Adrenal Cortex Hormones (Corticosteroids)IBA 07/01/1998 - "This study examined the safety and efficacy of IA corticosteroid injection in 71 patients with juvenile arthritis who were being seen at the Sheba Medical Center during the years 1991-1996. " 06/01/2023 - "Early intra-articular corticosteroid injection is predictors of remission of juvenile idiopathic arthritis." 12/01/2022 - "What are the factors associated with the duration of remission of intra-articular corticosteroid injection in juvenile idiopathic arthritis?" 09/01/2001 - "Factors affecting the efficacy of intraarticular corticosteroid injection of knees in juvenile idiopathic arthritis." 01/01/2020 - "A 3-month feasibility study was carried out to collect details of children and young people with active juvenile idiopathic arthritis before and after corticosteroid treatment to measure improvements in juvenile idiopathic arthritis activity, and to see whether or not a larger study would be possible. "
7.	Antirheumatic Agents (DMARD)IBA 01/01/2023 - "Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) have dramatically improved patient outcomes in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). " 01/01/2022 - "Biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) are highly effective and safe against juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), which is classified into systemic JIA (sJIA) and the other JIA categories (non-sJIA) according to differences in clinical symptoms and pathophysiology. " 12/05/2022 - "Biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) have changed the treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) patients notably, as bDMARDs enable substantially more patients to achieve remission. " 12/01/2019 - "Early diagnosis and treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) with conventional and biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs have vastly improved outcomes for children with these diseases. " 01/01/2019 - "Time of Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drug Start in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis and the Likelihood of a Drug-Free Remission in Young Adulthood."
8.	SteroidsIBA 03/01/2014 - "Probability of remission of juvenile idiopathic arthritis following treatment with steroid joint injection." 03/01/2009 - "Feasibility and efficacy of intraarticular steroids (IAS) in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)." 03/01/2021 - "This research aims to study the age estimation in children affected by juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) with and without steroids treatment and compared with healthy subjects. " 09/27/2023 - "The effect of intra-articular steroid injection on the cartilage and tendon thicknesses in juvenile idiopathic arthritis." 01/01/2022 - "Before referral to tertiary units, 34% were already treated with steroids with a suspected diagnosis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. "
9.	Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein (Anakinra)FDA Link 01/01/2020 - "Perimyocarditis as first sign of systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis treated successfully with anakinra: a case-based review." 11/01/2012 - "Anakinra: a safe and effective first-line treatment in systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SoJIA)." 01/01/2022 - "To evaluate the long-term safety profile of anakinra in patients with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA). " 01/01/2022 - "Anakinra in Patients With Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Long-term Safety From the Pharmachild Registry." 01/01/2021 - "An Economic Comparison of Treatment Strategies with Anakinra in Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (sJIA)."
10.	Monoclonal AntibodiesIBA 06/01/1992 - "Two monoclonal antibodies generated against human hsp60 show reactivity with synovial membranes of patients with juvenile chronic arthritis." 10/01/1989 - "A panel of 20 human monoclonal antibodies was produced from cells derived from the synovial tissue of two rheumatoid arthritis patients and one polyarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis patient. " 01/01/1987 - "Lymphocytes from peripheral blood (PB) and synovial fluid (SF) from 21 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 18 patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) were studied with respect to T cell phenotypes using monoclonal antibodies in a rosette assay. " 02/01/1982 - "Detection of T-lymphocyte subpopulation in the peripheral blood and the synovium of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis using monoclonal antibodies." 05/01/1997 - "Suppression of fever and the acute-phase response in a patient with juvenile chronic arthritis treated with monoclonal antibody to tumour necrosis factor-alpha (cA2)."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 04/05/2017 - "With the advent of new therapeutics over the past 15 years, there has been a marked improvement in juvenile idiopathic arthritis treatment and long-term outcome, without any sequelae. " 02/01/2014 - "Improvement in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is an important therapy goal in the treatment of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). " 05/06/2013 - "Anti-TNF agents have proven efficacy in children with severe juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) who are unresponsive to standard therapy. " 09/01/2017 - "Due to the efficacy of these therapies, nowadays, "disease remission" in pediatric rheumatology is more and more frequent, especially in juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients, and the long-term outcomes have been significantly improved. " 07/13/2020 - "Current therapies for juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) have been used, but appear to be poorly tolerated, more toxic and less effective in patients with DA. "
2.	Injections 07/12/2019 - "Retrospective review of immobilization vs. immediate resumption of activity in patients with Oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis following knee injections." 03/20/2019 - "A retrospective review of prospectively collected data was performed on a total of 80 consecutive patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis who underwent joint injections using the protocol. " 03/01/2019 - "Intra-articular joint injections in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: state of the art." 09/01/2014 - "We identified all patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis who underwent fluoroscopic-guided injections of the feet and ankles between July 2009 and June 2012. " 07/01/2004 - "Effect of joint injections in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: evaluation by 3D-gait analysis."
3.	Biological Therapy 01/01/2023 - "Successful stopping of biologic therapy for remission in children and young people with juvenile idiopathic arthritis." 01/01/2017 - "To determine the efficacy of differing biologic therapies amongst individual juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) subtypes rather than JIA overall. " 01/01/2023 - "Withdrawal of biologic therapy in juvenile idiopathic arthritis due to remission: predictors of flare and outcomes." 01/01/2018 - "To assess the time in remission after discontinuing biologic therapy in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). " 01/01/2018 - "Flares After Withdrawal of Biologic Therapies in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Clinical and Laboratory Correlates of Remission Duration."
4.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 09/01/2011 - "In juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), the efficacy of very early disease-modifying drug therapy, synthetic or biological, is not well known. " 12/08/2021 - "The management of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) has improved tremendously in recent years due to the introduction of new drug therapies but remains complex in terms of non-pharmaceutical issues. " 06/13/2012 - "A commentary on TREAT: the trial of early aggressive drug therapy in juvenile idiopathic arthritis." 12/01/1987 - "To determine the prevalence of coagulopathy in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, results of repeated coagulation studies obtained on 73 patients over one year were correlated with disease activity, liver function abnormalities and drug therapy. " 05/11/2023 - "Surgical Treatment of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis in the Era of Novel Drug Therapies."
5.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 09/04/2019 - "No radiographic wrist damage after treatment to target in recent-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis." 06/01/2004 - "Since 1996, all juvenile chronic arthritis patients have been followed prospectively by an occupational therapist who has registered the grip strength and range of motion at an average of 6 months after treatment. " 11/01/1994 - "One patient had instability secondary to juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, which developed after treatment of the original injury, and she needed a reoperation. " 11/01/2016 - "FC was measured in 232 children; 55 children (n = 11 treatment naïve) with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), 63 with coeliac disease (CD); 17 with new diagnosis before and after treatment on gluten-free diet and 114 controls. " 05/01/2015 - "To estimate the incidence of systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SoJIA) within 6 months after treatment for presumed Kawasaki disease (KD) (presumed patients with KD with subsequent diagnosis of SoJIA [pKD/SoJIA]) and describe presentation differences from sole KD. "