Overtraining Syndrome

An accumulation of training and/or non-training stress resulting in short-term decrement in performance capacity with or without related physiological and psychological signs and symptoms of maladaptation in which restoration of performance capacity may take from several weeks to several months.(from Curr Sports Med Rep. May-Jun 2015;14(3):157-8)

Also Known As:

Networked: 110 relevant articles (4 outcomes, 17 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Fatigue
2.	Inflammation (Inflammations)
3.	Myalgia
4.	Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome
5.	Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport

Experts

1.	Cadegiani, Flavio A: 11 articles (01/2021 - 01/2017)
2.	Kater, Claudio E: 10 articles (01/2021 - 01/2017)
3.	Meeusen, Romain: 6 articles (11/2021 - 01/2006)
4.	Bell, Lee: 3 articles (01/2022 - 08/2020)
5.	Rogerson, David: 3 articles (01/2022 - 08/2020)
6.	Ruddock, Alan: 3 articles (01/2022 - 08/2020)
7.	Akhalkatsi, V: 3 articles (02/2021 - 03/2017)
8.	Chelidze, K: 3 articles (02/2021 - 03/2017)
9.	Kajaia, T: 3 articles (02/2021 - 03/2017)
10.	Maskhulia, L: 3 articles (02/2021 - 03/2017)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Overtraining Syndrome:

1.	2-toluenesulfonamide (OTS)IBA 06/07/2021 - "Short-term increases in training demand can induce functional overreaching (FOR) that can lead to improved physical capabilities, whereas nonfunctional overreaching (NFOR) or the overtraining syndrome (OTS) occur when high training-demand is applied for extensive periods with limited recovery. " 03/01/2012 - "Understanding overtraining syndrome (OTS) is helpful in the evaluation, management, and education of athletes. " 01/01/2021 - "In this study, potential urinary markers that show the presence of overtraining syndrome (OTS) were investigated. " 01/01/2021 - "Although some studies have suggested the CAR may be affected by the development of overtraining syndrome (OTS), this has yet to be systematically investigated. " 12/01/2019 - "This study aimed to simplify and optimize the distinction between nonfunctional overreaching (NFO) and overtraining syndrome (OTS) by developing a multivariate approach (discriminant analysis [DA]) including hormonal and psychological changes measured during the Training Optimization (TOP) test. "
2.	Hydrocortisone (Cortisol)FDA LinkGeneric 08/17/2020 - "In this study, we evaluated the appropriate use of cortisol-based exercise stress assessment within the circadian rhythm, which may diagnose and prevent overtraining syndrome in athletes. " 01/01/2021 - "Effects of Overtraining Status on the Cortisol Awakening Response-Endocrine and Metabolic Responses on Overtraining Syndrome (EROS-CAR)." 08/17/2020 - "Our results suggest that automated ECLIA-based salivary cortisol measurements are able to detect the athletes' circadian rhythm and compare the exercise stress intensities at the same times on different days, even in the early morning, possibly leading to the prevention of overtraining syndrome." 08/17/2020 - "Overtraining syndrome, caused by prolonged excessive stress, results in reduced performance and cortisol responsiveness in athletes. " 09/01/2011 - "Analysis of cortisol and testosterone in saliva may help detect the onset of non-functional overreaching and subsequently may help to prevent the development of overtraining syndrome. "
3.	Silybin (Lagosa)IBA 08/01/2019 - "In this study, rats were subjected to overtraining exercise, and the protective effects of silibinin were investigated in these models. "
4.	Testosterone (Sustanon)FDA Link 11/01/2019 - "Both tests elicited reproducible physiological and testosterone responses, but RPETP induced greater testosterone changes (likely due to increased physiological strain) and could therefore be considered a more sensitive tool to potentially detect overtraining syndrome. " 03/01/2019 - "Recognize extremely low testosterone due to hypothalamic dysfunction from overtraining syndrome in a male athlete with relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S). " 09/01/2006 - "In addition, the reduced testosterone levels may attenuate the exercise-associated muscle hypertrophy, reduce the repair of muscle damage, reduce post exercise muscle rehabilitation and may play an important role in the development of over-training syndrome. " 09/01/2011 - "Analysis of cortisol and testosterone in saliva may help detect the onset of non-functional overreaching and subsequently may help to prevent the development of overtraining syndrome. " 12/01/2006 - "The use of FTCR for following overtraining syndrome was proposed originally with two approaches: FTCR lower than 0.35x10(-3), calculated on free testosterone (FT) in nanomoles per liter (nmol/L) and on cortisol (C) in micromoles per liter (mmole/L) or a decrease of the ratio of 30% or more in comparison with the previous value. "
5.	Biomarkers (Surrogate Marker)IBA 01/01/2022 - "However, there are currently no clear reliable biomarkers to highlight the overtraining syndrome. " 02/01/2021 - "ASSESSMENT OF EFFECTS OF NON-FUNCTIONAL OVERREACHING AND OVERTRAINING ON RESPONSES OF SKELETAL MUSCLE AND CARDIAC BIOMARKERS FOR MONITORING OF OVERTRAINING SYNDROME IN ATHLETES." 01/01/2020 - "The Endocrine and Metabolic Responses on Overtraining Syndrome (EROS) study identified more than 45 potential biomarkers of OTS. " 08/01/2019 - "Basal Hormones and Biochemical Markers as Predictors of Overtraining Syndrome in Male Athletes: The EROS-BASAL Study." 01/01/2019 - "Objectives: The Endocrine and Metabolic Responses on Overtraining Syndrome (EROS) study identified multiple hormonal and metabolic conditioning processes in athletes, and underlying mechanisms and biomarkers of overtraining syndrome (OTS). "
6.	CatecholaminesIBA 04/01/1992 - "Since the importance of the sympathetic nervous system for adaptation of stress and the relationship between physical training and the activity of the sympathetic nervous system are well accepted, and since an impairment of the sympathetic nervous system is assumed in an overtraining syndrome, we examined the relevance of nocturnal "basal" urinary excretion of free catecholamines with respect to its practical application: 1. during a pilot study (training of road and track cyclists before the 1988 Olympic Games in Seoul), 2. through a 4-week prospective, experimental study in 1989 and 1990 (middle- and long-distance runners), 3. during the competitive season and winter break of a soccer team between August 1990 and April 1991. " 01/01/2021 - "Urinary Catecholamines as Markers in Overtraining Syndrome." 08/01/1994 - "Catecholamine responses to short-term high-intensity resistance exercise overtraining." 04/01/1992 - "Decreased nocturnal catecholamine excretion: parameter for an overtraining syndrome in athletes?" 10/01/2000 - "Overtraining syndrome is a neuroendocrine disorder characterized by poor performance in competition, inability to maintain training loads, persistent fatigue, reduced catecholamine excretion, frequent illness, disturbed sleep and alterations in mood state. "
7.	Indicators and Reagents (Reagents)IBA 03/01/2017 - "So far, however, no study has investigated the relationships between perfectionism and training distress, a key indicator of overtraining syndrome. " 09/01/2016 - "No changes in the supine low frequency (LF)/high frequency (HF) (0.48, SD = 0.51 vs. 0.41, SD = 0.64) or the standing LF/HF (4.02, SD = 5.14 vs. 3.91, SD = 5.28), an indicator of autonomic balance and a possible indicator of overtraining syndrome, suggests that overtraining did not take place during weeks 12-20. "
8.	Hormones (Hormone)IBA 02/16/2013 - "An Addison-Type overtraining syndrome, where the adrenal glands are no longer able to maintain proper hormone levels and athletic performance is severely compromised has been described by researchers. " 08/01/2019 - "Basal Hormones and Biochemical Markers as Predictors of Overtraining Syndrome in Male Athletes: The EROS-BASAL Study."
9.	Lactic Acid (Lactate)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2011 - "Therefore, our study confirms that aerobic capacity in this sport is negatively correlated to hematocrit, that RBC aggregation is positively associated with blood lactate accumulation in blood during exercise, and that plasma viscosity is one of the parameters that increase when the athlete is on the edge of the overtraining syndrome. "
10.	Arginine (L-Arginine)FDA Link 06/01/2005 - "The aim of our study was to investigate whether daily intake of two different dosages of arginine asparate during four weeks affects selected parameters of overtraining syndrome like performance, metabolic and endocrine parameters. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Bioresonance Therapy 01/01/2018 - "The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of bioresonance therapy (BRT) on the health status of the athletes presenting with the overtraining syndrome. "
2.	Resistance Training 08/01/2020 - "RT: Resistance training; OR: Overreaching; FOR: Functional overreaching; NFOR: Non-functional overreaching; OTS: Overtraining syndrome; WP: Weightlifting performance." 08/01/2020 - "To date, little is known about overreaching (OR) and the overtraining syndrome (OTS) in strength sports and resistance training (RT) populations. " 04/01/2020 - "A comprehensive systematic review is required to collate overtraining literature and improve the current understanding of the mechanisms underlying functional overreaching (FOR), non-functional overreaching (NFOR) and the overtraining syndrome (OTS) in resistance training. "
3.	Endurance Training 03/01/1997 - "An increased risk of overtraining syndrome may be expected around 3 weeks of intensified/prolonged endurance training at a high training load level. "