Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2

A transmembrane glycoprotein with an extracellular catalytic domain which functions as a carboxypeptidase. It cleaves a single C-terminal residue from a distinct range of substrates. The catalytic efficiency is 400-fold higher with ANGIOTENSIN II as a substrate than with ANGIOTENSIN I. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is also is a functional receptor for the spike glycoprotein (SPIKE PROTEIN, CORONAVIRUS) of the CORONAVIRUSES SARS-COV, SARS-COV2, and HCOV-NL63.

Also Known As:

Networked: 2143 relevant articles (48 outcomes, 193 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Penninger, Josef M: 29 articles (12/2021 - 06/2002)
2.	Oudit, Gavin Y: 27 articles (01/2021 - 06/2002)
3.	Raizada, Mohan K: 26 articles (01/2022 - 12/2004)
4.	Burrell, Louise M: 17 articles (01/2021 - 03/2003)
5.	Katovich, Michael J: 17 articles (01/2016 - 05/2005)
6.	Batlle, Daniel: 15 articles (01/2022 - 11/2006)
7.	Wysocki, Jan: 14 articles (01/2022 - 11/2006)
8.	Zhong, Jiu-Chang: 12 articles (10/2021 - 01/2011)
9.	Shenoy, Vinayak: 12 articles (01/2016 - 02/2007)
10.	Liu, Zhenwei: 11 articles (10/2020 - 10/2014)

Related Diseases

1.	COVID-19 01/01/2022 - "The angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) plays an important regulatory role in the renin-angiotensin-system (RAS) and has been shown to be protective against comorbidities known to worsen COVID-19 outcomes. " 12/21/2021 - "To interrogate the protective effects of IFN-λ in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, transgenic mice expressing the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) were tested. " 01/01/2022 - "The goal of this study was to demonstrate the preclinical efficacy of a novel soluble ACE2 protein with increased duration of action and binding capacity in a lethal mouse model of COVID-19. " 10/16/2023 - "The AnSAs interact with plasma of patients recovered from COVID-19 but do not bind to the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. " 01/01/2023 - "Intronic Variants of the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Gene Modulate Plasma ACE2 Levels and Possibly Confer Protection against Severe COVID-19."
2.	Infections 01/01/2021 - "An angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) decoy that competes with endogenous ACE2 for binding of the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor binding domain (S RBD) and inhibits infection may offer a therapeutic option with sustained efficacy against variants. " 01/01/2023 - "This study reveals that ACE2 protein levels are down-regulated by an essential nutrient, VitC, thereby enhancing protection against infection of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants." 03/01/2023 - "We developed PVs containing spikes from Delta and Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2 and improved the infection in an angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)-dependent manner. " 12/01/2023 - "This study aimed to investigate the association between saliva soluble angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (sACE2) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in children and adults. " 08/30/2021 - "Mechanistic studies revealed that EGCG blocked infection at the entry step through interfering with the engagement of the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the viral spikes to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor of the host cells. "
3.	Fibrosis (Cirrhosis) 11/07/2022 - "Recent evidence suggests that patient-specific alteration of RAS homeostasis with premorbidity and the expression level of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), depending on age and sex, is correlated with lung fibrosis. " 01/01/2022 - "Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) can inhibit the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in lung type II epithelial cells and lung fibrosis. " 05/01/2021 - "The blockage of the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) by the SARS-CoV-2 virus leads to downstream consequences such as increased vascular tone, extensive fibrosis and pronounced immune reactions. " 04/01/2009 - "Onset of experimental severe cardiac fibrosis is mediated by overexpression of Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2." 12/01/2005 - "In healthy livers, ACE2 was confined to endothelial cells, occasional bile ducts, and perivenular hepatocytes but in both BDL and human cirrhosis there was widespread parenchymal expression of ACE2 protein. "
4.	Pulmonary Hypertension 12/01/2020 - "Literature reports that angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the host receptor mediating the cell entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Clinical and experimental evidence shows that loss of function of ACE2 aggravates pulmonary hypertension and gain of function of ACE2 exerts protection on cardiopulmonary circulation. " 01/01/2019 - "Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) protects against hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) by inhibiting the proliferation and migration of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). " 03/15/2013 - "Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 activation for treatment of pulmonary hypertension." 02/01/2010 - "Animals treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 maintained significantly higher PaO2 than the control group, and pulmonary hypertension was less pronounced. " 08/01/2009 - "Prevention of pulmonary hypertension by Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 gene transfer."
5.	Virus Diseases (Viral Diseases) 01/01/2022 - "A recent study suggested that downregulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the receptor of SARS-CoV-2 entry into human cells, can decrease susceptibility to viral infection in vitro, in vivo, and in human lungs and livers perfused ex situ. " 12/01/2022 - "The ACE2 protein has a high level of conservation and is the common receptor invertebrate species for a viral infection to occur; this receptor could give rise to anthroponotic events. " 01/01/2022 - "Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus or live virus infection in humanized ACE2 mice induced GLK and ACE2 protein levels, and ACE2-containing exosomes. " 07/15/2021 - "While expression of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, paralleled monocyte-macrophage differentiation it failed to affect productive viral infection. " 01/01/2021 - "Herein, we present the viral infection mechanisms and its consequences after blocking the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) axis in different tissues and the progression of inflammatory and immunological reactions, especially the influence of genetic features on those differential clinical responses. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)
2.	angiotensin I (1-7)
3.	Enzymes
4.	Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2
5.	Cell Surface Receptors
6.	Serine Proteases (Serine Protease)
7.	Angiotensin II
8.	Angiotensins
9.	SARS-CoV-2 spike protein
10.	diminazene aceturate

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Traditional Medicine (Folk Remedies)
2.	Pneumonectomy (Lung Volume Reduction)
3.	Therapeutics
4.	Surgical Instruments (Clip)
5.	Intraperitoneal Injections