Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava

Finding of the SUPERIOR VENA CAVA on the left instead of the usual right side of the ASCENDING AORTA. In bilateral superior vena cava it is found on both sides.

Also Known As:

LSVC, Persistent; SVC Duplications; SVC, Bilateral; Bilateral SVC; Bilateral Superior Caval Veins; Bilateral Superior Vena Cava; Left Sided Superior Vena Cava; Left-Sided Superior Vena Cava; PLSVC; Persistent LSVC; SVC Duplication; Superior Vena Caval Duplication

Networked: 431 relevant articles (5 outcomes, 17 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava
2.	Thrombosis (Thrombus)
3.	Aortic Arch Aneurysm
4.	Atrial Fibrillation
5.	Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome (Wolf-Parkinson-White Syndrome)

Experts

1.	Lelakowski, Jacek: 3 articles (01/2017 - 01/2005)
2.	Schummer, W: 3 articles (09/2014 - 09/2002)
3.	Yun, Tae-Jin: 3 articles (04/2013 - 04/2008)
4.	Hosoda, Junya: 2 articles (05/2022 - 04/2017)
5.	Ishikawa, Toshiyuki: 2 articles (05/2022 - 04/2017)
6.	Taguchi, Yuka: 2 articles (05/2022 - 04/2017)
7.	Deisenhofer, Isabel: 2 articles (03/2022 - 02/2006)
8.	Mantica, Massimo: 2 articles (10/2021 - 01/2003)
9.	Bontempi, Luca: 2 articles (09/2021 - 03/2002)
10.	Curnis, Antonio: 2 articles (09/2021 - 03/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava:

1.	Radioisotopes (Radionuclides)IBA 06/01/1990 - "Radionuclide angiography might be the noninvasive study of choice in patients suspected of having PLSVC by the clinical findings or chest roentgenography." 02/01/2016 - "We report a case of PLSVC found incidentally in a first-pass radionuclide angiography with tracer injection through the left jugular vein. " 02/01/2016 - "Many image findings of PLSVC have been reported, but few mentioned findings in a first-pass radionuclide angiography. " 02/01/2016 - "Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava Demonstrated by First-Pass Radionuclide Angiography." 06/01/1990 - "[Persistent left superior vena cava to left atrial communication detected with radionuclide angiography: a case report]."
2.	Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m (Pertechnetate)FDA Link 01/01/1985 - "A first pass flow study with Tc-99m as free pertechnetate was done, among other tests, to exclude a central shunt when a persistent left superior vena cava was incidentally detected. " 06/01/1990 - "We recently encountered a patient in whom PLSVC to left atrial communication with atrial septal defect was diagnosed on the basis of radionuclide angiography with Tc-99m pertechnetate. "
3.	Glucosamine (Dona)IBA 01/01/2014 - "The aim of this study was to characterize persistent left superior vena cava in infants treated in Hospital Dona Estefânia with esophageal atresia. "
4.	Saline SolutionIBA 06/01/2010 - "A transthoracic echocardiography study was performed after injection of agitated saline (creating air-filled microbubbles by shaking saline solution in a syringe), which showed that the coronary sinus was opacified, confirming the diagnosis of a PLSVC. "
5.	Polyethylene Terephthalates (Polyethylene Terephthalate)IBA 01/01/2021 - "We report five male patients aged 3, 6, 8, 10, and 15 years, respectively, undergoing left bidirectional cavopulmonary connection and concomitant Dacron patch closure of the atrial septal defect for Raghib's defect with persistent left superior vena cava. " 05/01/1992 - "In this case, the PLSVC was ligated in the pericardium and the atrial septal defect was closed with a Dacron patch. " 04/01/1978 - "Surgical correction was accomplished by anastomosis of a Dacron draft with the orfice of the persistent left superior vena cava into the left atrium, widening of the atrial septal defect, and reconstruction of a new atrial septum with a Dacron patch. " 03/01/2010 - "These defects were successfully corrected by a) closure of the coronary sinus atrial septal defect with PLSVC entering the right atrium using a pericardial graft; and b) ventricular partition with a Dacron patch and conotruncal repair for tetralogy of Fallot. "
6.	SolutionsIBA 01/01/2000 - "Injection of echo-contrast solution in a left arm vein, visualizing microbubbles passing through the PLSVC into the CS confirmed our suspicion. " 12/01/1992 - "Administration of retrograde cardioplegia is hampered by the presence of a persistent left superior vena cava, which results in excessive runoff of solution into the persistent left superior vena cava and the right atrium. " 10/01/2007 - "We report the successful transcatheter closure of a large persistent left superior vena cava draining into a left upper pulmonary vein in a patient who suffered 2 transient ischemic attacks after intravenous (IV) injection of saline flush solution into a left arm peripheral IV line utilizing an Amplatzer Vascular Plug."
7.	Polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon)FDA Link 11/01/1990 - "The use of PTFE graft to correct anomalous drainage of persistent left superior vena cava." 11/01/2017 - "We present a 32-year-old patient with cortriatriatum sinister with Raghib's complex (a left persistent superior vena cava draining into the left atrium with an absent coronary sinus and an atrial septal defect [ASD]) who underwent successful surgical correction with excision of the cortriatriatum, closure of the ASD, and establishing the drainage of the persistent left superior vena cava to the right atrium via interposition of an extracardiac 13-mm ringed polytetrafluoroethylene conduit." 10/01/2015 - "A polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) graft as an extracardiac conduit was used to connect the persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) with the right atrial appendage."
8.	Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD)IBA 01/01/2014 - "Patient no. 5 received 2 atrial leads via PLSVC with successful biatrial pacing; patient no. 6 with the necessity of DDD pacing had a (ventricular) lead for left atrial pacing and a typical right ventricular lead. " 11/01/2005 - "DDD pacemaker implantation in a patient with persistent left superior vena cava and absent right superior vena cava: a four-year follow-up report." 01/01/2005 - "[DDD pacemaker implantation during atrial fibrillation in a patient with persistent left superior vena cava]."
9.	Contrast MediaIBA 12/12/2017 - "It is crucial to note that the unusual type of unroofed CS with PLSVC, presenting with an entirely right-to-left intra-cardiac shunt, cannot be delineated on an enhanced routine chest CT if the contrast media is injected through the right arm." 10/31/2007 - "Although contrast material was injected from the right cubital vein, PLSVC was exclusively enhanced; therefore, deficiency of right superior vena cava was diagnosed. " 08/01/1996 - "Contrast material can be injected into these connections to document the presence of bilateral superior vena cava."
10.	Coenzyme A (CoA)IBA 08/01/2022 - " the postpartum period coarctation of aorta (CoA) was found in one fetus.ConclusionsWhen PLSVC is detected during prenatal ultrasonography, fetal anatomy should be carefully examined because of the anomalies that may accompany it. " 02/21/2017 - "The presence of coarctation shelf and aortic arch hypoplasia were more common in fetuses with CoA than in controls (odds ratio, 26.0; 95% confidence interval, 4.42-153; P<0.001 and odds ratio, 38.2; 95% confidence interval, 3.01-486; P=0.005), whereas persistent left superior vena cava (P=0.85), ventricular septal defect (P=0.12), and bicuspid aortic valve (P=0.14) did not carry an increased risk for this anomaly. " 12/01/1997 - "Preoperative cardiac catheterization and angiography confirmed the diagnosis of TGA with IVS, CoA, atrial septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, persistent left superior vena cava, left sided juxta-positioning of appendages and dextrocardia. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Catheters 12/02/2021 - "Electrocardiogram (ECG) localization is helpful for the application of the peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) technique in neonates with PLSVC. " 11/01/2023 - "A portable chest X-ray was obtained revealing the catheter extending along the left subclavian vein and progressing through the left paramediastinal regionThe presence of persistent left superior vena cava was confirmed after reviewing prior studies. " 10/01/2022 - "Herein, we report a case of dialysis catheter placed into a left sided superior vena cava, only diagnosed after CT scan study." 12/01/2011 - "In order to determine the existence of PLSVC, all the subjects routinely underwent superior vena cava (SVC) injection during angiography at the catheter laboratory of the study center. " 10/09/2023 - "Characteristics of the electrocardiogram localisation profile of the peripherally inserted central catheter for persistent left superior vena cava."
2.	Catheter Ablation 01/01/2018 - "Among adult SVA patients who underwent an EP study or RF catheter ablation during the 10-year study period, 0.27% had PLSVC. " 01/01/2018 - "Of 6662 adult SVA patients who underwent an EP study or catheter ablation of SVA during the 10-year study period, 18 patients had PLSVC (mean age 47.6 ± 14.8 years, 10 men). " 07/11/2023 - "Catheter ablation of the left-sided variant of right top pulmonary vein in a case with persistent left superior vena cava." 01/01/2022 - "Radiofrequency catheter ablation is the major treatment for patients with AF and PLSVC in most publications. " 11/01/2019 - "Catheter ablation in ASD and persistent left superior vena cava had a high success rate. "
3.	Ligation 10/01/2021 - "After further investigation, it was concluded that the PLSVC resulted in a physiological right-to-left shunting causing POS, with resolution of her symptoms after surgical ligation. " 02/01/2017 - "After ligation of the PLSVC, the CABG could be performed as planned." 01/01/2017 - "Intraoperative management of the PLSVC consisted of direct cannulation in nine (60%) patients, temporary occlusion in one (6.7%) patient, and ligation in one (6.7%) patient. " 04/01/2015 - "Minimally invasive thoracoscopic ligation of a persistent left superior vena cava." 10/31/2007 - "Therefore, the spatial relationship of PLSVC, coarctation of DAo and PDA could be evaluated and a direct anastomosis of the DAo and ligation of PDA were performed."
4.	Defibrillators (Defibrillator) 11/05/2022 - "Persistent left superior vena cava is considered the most common venous drainage abnormality, with several anatomical variants that generate technical difficulties during pacemaker or defibrillator lead placement. " 10/26/2022 - "In this article, we will present the experience of our clinic, with patients with PLSVC that were diagnosed intraprocedurally, during cardiac pacemaker (CP) or cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) implantation, highlighting the technical difficulties that this anomaly poses for cardiac device implantation. " 09/01/2021 - "In our case series, the presence of PLSVC did not preclude successful placement of pacemaker/defibrillator leads using standard tools. " 08/01/2021 - "Transfemoral snare-assisted placement of a left-sided defibrillator lead in the presence of a persistent left superior vena cava." 12/10/2020 - "In this paper, we aim to illustrate the medical and technical implications of implanting a cardioverter defibrillator in patients with PLSVC, highlighting the benefit of identifying and utilizing both the innominate vein, and the left superior vena cava and coronary sinus for placement of multiple leads, which would otherwise have been impossible."
5.	Therapeutics 10/01/2023 - "Successful cardiac synchronization therapy device upgrade using an active fixation quadripolar pacing lead in a patients with persistent left superior vena cava and absent right superior vena cava." 01/01/2016 - "Cardiac resynchronisation therapy device implantation in a patient with persistent left superior vena cava: is it still a challenge?" 01/01/2014 - "Patients with PLSVC are a very heterogeneous group with different indications for pacing, therefore individualization of therapy is required. " 08/24/2012 - "Perforation of the right ventricle during cardiac resynchronisation therapy upgrade not related to a coexisting persistent left superior vena cava." 02/01/2011 - "Realtime fusion of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography venography with X-ray fluoroscopy to aid cardiac resynchronisation therapy implantation in patients with persistent left superior vena cava."