Cauda Equina Syndrome

Compressive lesion affecting the nerve roots of the CAUDA EQUINA (e.g., compression, herniation, inflammation, rupture, or stenosis), which controls the function of the bladder and bowel. Symptoms may include neurological dysfunction of bladder or bowels, loss of sexual sensation and altered sensation or paralysis in the lower extremities.

Also Known As:

Networked: 416 relevant articles (13 outcomes, 25 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Pain (Aches)
2.	Ankylosing Spondylitis
3.	Intervertebral Disc Displacement (Herniated Disc)
4.	Radiculopathy (Radiculopathy, Cervical)
5.	Spondylolisthesis

Experts

1.	Kafka, J: 4 articles (01/2003 - 01/2000)
2.	Marsala, J: 4 articles (01/2003 - 01/2000)
3.	Marsala, M: 4 articles (01/2003 - 01/2000)
4.	Yassari, Reza: 3 articles (10/2022 - 02/2017)
5.	Mesfin, Addisu: 3 articles (09/2022 - 09/2015)
6.	Gokaslan, Ziya L: 3 articles (09/2014 - 06/2004)
7.	Cízková, D: 3 articles (01/2003 - 08/2001)
8.	Orendácová, J: 3 articles (08/2001 - 01/2000)
9.	Sulla, I: 3 articles (08/2001 - 01/2000)
10.	Rascón-Ramírez, Fernando J: 2 articles (03/2022 - 02/2021)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Cauda Equina Syndrome:

1.	Infliximab (Remicade)FDA Link 06/01/2009 - "Dramatic efficacy of infliximab in cauda equina syndrome complicating ankylosing spondylitis." 03/01/2017 - "The patient was undergoing immunotherapy with infliximab and developed a partial cauda equina syndrome after an uneventful minimally invasive microdiscectomy (L5-S1) that completely cured her sciatica. "
2.	MethylprednisoloneFDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2022 - "This rare, but catastrophic case of cauda equina syndrome occurred following L3-4 , L4-5 , and L5 -S1  medial branch blockades 3 months after spinal surgery, which is believed to be caused by accidental intra-arterial injection of particulate methylprednisolone, with consequent aggregates causing blockage and ensuing ischemia. " 11/03/2023 - "After methylprednisolone pulse therapy and corticosteroid treatment, cauda equina syndrome including lower extremity weakness and cerebral nerve palsy improved. "
3.	Adrenal Cortex Hormones (Corticosteroids)IBA 03/02/1991 - "[Cauda equina syndrome after epidural corticoids injections]." 11/03/2023 - "After methylprednisolone pulse therapy and corticosteroid treatment, cauda equina syndrome including lower extremity weakness and cerebral nerve palsy improved. "
4.	B-Cell Maturation AntigenIBA 01/01/2021 - "Here, we report a case of MM with CNS involvement presented with cauda equina syndrome (CES) who achieved complete remission after anti-B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy (Chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR1800017404). "
5.	Chimeric Antigen ReceptorsIBA 01/01/2021 - "Here, we report a case of MM with CNS involvement presented with cauda equina syndrome (CES) who achieved complete remission after anti-B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy (Chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR1800017404). "
6.	bis(3- bis(4- chlorophenyl)methyl- 4- dimethylaminophenyl)amineIBA 01/01/2021 - "Successful BCMA CAR-T Therapy for Multiple Myeloma With Central Nervous System Involvement Manifesting as Cauda Equina Syndrome-A Wandering Road to Remission." 01/01/2021 - "Here, we report a case of MM with CNS involvement presented with cauda equina syndrome (CES) who achieved complete remission after anti-B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy (Chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR1800017404). "
7.	Lidocaine (Xylocaine)FDA LinkGeneric 02/01/2014 - "The present study provides the basis for understanding and evaluating the effect of Rg1 in the in vivo treatment of lidocaine-induced transient neurological symptoms and cauda equina syndrome by lidocaine." 02/01/2014 - "However, studies have shown that lidocaine may induce transient neurological symptoms and cauda equina syndrome. " 09/01/2003 - "Concern about the use of spinal lidocaine began in 1991 with published reports of cauda equina syndrome after continuous spinal anaesthesia. " 09/01/2000 - "Furthermore, there are seven cases of cauda equina syndrome following single-shot hyperbaric lidocaine. " 04/01/1999 - "Cauda equina syndrome after spinal anaesthesia with hyperbaric 5% lignocaine: a review of six cases of cauda equina syndrome reported to the Swedish Pharmaceutical Insurance 1993-1997."
8.	Opioid Analgesics (Opioids)IBA 04/01/2009 - "Cauda equina syndrome and decreasing opioid requirements." 01/01/2016 - "It is indicated in emergency in specific situations: in case of cauda equina syndrome, motor deficit lower or equal to 3/5 or hyperalgic radicular pain resistant to maximal medical therapy, including opioid drugs. " 06/01/2022 - "Participants were required to be opioid naïve in the 6-month baseline period and without cancer, cauda equina syndrome, osteomyelitis, lumbar fracture, and paraplegia/quadriplegia in the entire study period. " 04/01/1997 - "The 9 serious complications which were associated with epidural anaesthesia were: paraparesis (1), permanent cauda equina syndrome (1), peroneal nerve paresis (1), neurological deficit (1), bacterial infections (2), acute toxic reactions related to the anaesthetic solution (2), and overdose of epidural opioid (1). "
9.	Analgesics (Analgesic Drugs)IBA 09/01/2002 - "We need to standardize study designs that allow unbiased comparison and aggregation of data to get insight in rare complications like the cauda equina syndrome associated with spinal analgesic techniques and anticoagulation and to optimize thromboprophylaxis in homogeneous groups of patients. " 01/01/2022 - "Pregabalin or mirogabalin for radicular pain and duloxetine for cauda equina syndrome are recommended in cases of insufficient analgesic effects with neurotropin. "
10.	Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)FDA Link 01/01/1995 - "To our knowledge, this represents the first case of an adrenocorticotropic hormone-producing pituitary carcinoma presenting with the cauda equina syndrome. " 01/01/1995 - "ACTH-producing pituitary carcinoma presenting as the cauda equina syndrome." 10/01/2014 - "This study describes a rare case of the drop metastasis of adrenocorticotropic hormone-producing pituitary adenocarcinoma to the cauda equina, causing cauda equina syndrome. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Decompression 10/01/2022 - "This cross sectional observational study was conducted at Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College Hospitals, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2015 to January 2021 and the aim of this study was to find the predictors and the clinical outcome of cauda equina syndrome after spinal decompression with delayed presentation. " 06/01/2022 - "Among these patients, those with a history of prior decompression surgery and central canal restenosis with cauda equina syndrome were included in the study. " 04/01/2022 - "Factors affecting urinary outcome after delayed decompression in complete cauda equina syndrome: "A regression model study"." 01/01/2020 - "Most studies recommend urgent decompression (e.g., within 48-72 h) of the symptomatic onset of a cauda equina syndrome. " 05/15/2019 - "BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of isolated decompression for patients with transverse sacral fractures and cauda equina syndrome, which have been rarely reported before. "
2.	Therapeutics 06/06/2016 - "Noninfectious etiologies may also cause cauda equina syndrome in HIV-infected individuals, especially in well-controlled disease under antiretroviral therapy. " 06/01/2013 - "The therapy may induce neurotoxicity including the cauda equina syndrome. " 11/01/2002 - "Cauda equina syndrome after intradiscal electrothermal therapy." 06/12/2001 - "Cauda equina syndrome from intradiscal electrothermal therapy." 07/25/2000 - "Cauda equina syndrome from intradiscal electrothermal therapy."
3.	Surgical Decompression 03/01/2018 - "There is no doubt that the best outcome achieved in Cauda equina syndrome (CES) involves surgical decompression. " 01/01/2022 - "A total of 852 patients (492 males and 360 females), with a mean age of 44.6 ± 5.5 years from 22 studies diagnosed with cauda equina syndrome and undergoing surgical decompression, were included in the meta-analysis; however, not all studies reported every outcome. " 01/01/2022 - "This study aimed to investigate the long-term clinical outcomes after surgical decompression in cauda equina syndrome (CES) and see if any preoperative patient-related factors contributed to this outcome. " 11/15/2016 - "Does Early Surgical Decompression in Cauda Equina Syndrome Improve Bladder Outcome?: Comments on a Recent Study by Srikandarajah et al." 07/01/1997 - "Our study shows the importance of early surgical decompression for cauda equina syndrome."
4.	Conservative Treatment 03/01/2019 - "Here, we report a rare case of spontaneous SSDH with progressive deterioration and symptoms of cauda equina syndrome after ineffective conservative treatment. " 06/01/2001 - "By maintaining a high index of suspicion for any case that fails to respond as expected to a course of conservative therapy or that demonstrates signs of cauda equina syndrome, chiropractors can assume a pivotal role by investigating and referring appropriately and by aiding in active rehabilitation postoperatively." 01/01/1994 - "In all cases (except cauda equina syndrome or other rapidly progressing neurological deficit) a trial of conservative treatment, always including physical therapy, was requested prior to recommendation for diagnostic testing or surgery. " 08/01/2023 - "A correlation of demographic characteristics, preoperative conservative therapy and timing with postoperative outcome in herniated disc-associated cauda equina syndrome: Do they really matter?" 01/01/2021 - "As long as there is no progressive nerve injury or cauda equina syndrome, conservative treatment is preferred for giant disc herniation. "
5.	Laminectomy 09/01/1999 - "Among those, the initial clinical presentation and the level of the lesion (60% of the patients with cauda equina syndrome and 53% of that with lesions in the lombar region improved their neurological status after laminectomy) were the most important factors affecting the outcome. " 02/01/2022 - "Cauda equina syndrome was diagnosed and she underwent laminectomy. " 01/01/2021 - "Following a decompressive laminectomy, the patient's cauda equina syndrome resolved. " 01/01/2014 - "The patient developed acute cauda equina syndrome and required an emergent decompressive laminectomy resulting in partial resolution of neurological symptoms. " 01/01/1992 - "They report 4 cases of cauda equina syndrome and 8 dural tears in 96 patients aged from 21 to 81 years submitted to multiple bilateral laminectomy. "