Homer Scaffolding Proteins (Homer 1)

Homer proteins belong to a family of adaptor and scaffold proteins which include Homer1, Homer2 and Homer3. Homer1 and Homer2 play a role in the regulation of calcium homeostasis, whereas Homer3 functions in stimulating changes in actin dynamics in neurons and T-cells. Homer proteins are best known as scaffold proteins at the post-synaptic density where they facilitate synaptic signaling. They function as a molecular switch in metabotropic glutamate receptor (MGluR) signaling, and are associated with human Fragile X syndrome.

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Networked: 82 relevant articles (1 outcomes, 10 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Worley, Paul F: 5 articles (10/2013 - 12/2002)
2.	Volpe, Pompeo: 4 articles (09/2013 - 03/2006)
3.	Chi, Xia: 4 articles (06/2013 - 12/2009)
4.	Guo, Mei: 4 articles (06/2013 - 12/2009)
5.	Hong, Qin: 4 articles (06/2013 - 12/2009)
6.	Zhang, Min: 4 articles (06/2013 - 12/2009)
7.	Fei, Zhou: 3 articles (07/2022 - 06/2012)
8.	Goulding, Scott P: 3 articles (01/2017 - 01/2013)
9.	Szumlinski, Karen K: 3 articles (01/2017 - 01/2013)
10.	Jarius, S: 3 articles (09/2015 - 09/2015)

Related Diseases

1.	Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) 06/17/2013 - "The current study aimed to investigate the possible role of Homer 1a in the etiology and pathogenesis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). " 07/01/2011 - "Future studies will focus on elucidating the specific mechanisms of Homer 1a and Homer 2a/b in ADHD." 06/17/2013 - "All findings indicated that Homer 1a may play an important role in the etiology and pathogenesis of ADHD." 06/17/2013 - "Rats that were given Homer 1a RNAi exhibited increased locomotor activity and non-selective attention, and impaired learning and memory abilities, which is in line with the behavioral findings of animal models of ADHD. " 01/01/2013 - "Our results indicated that Homer 1a down-regulation results in deficits in control over behavioral output and learning similar to ADHD."
2.	Schizophrenia (Dementia Praecox) 07/01/2003 - "Only one (Homer 1 IVS4 + 18A > G) was associated with schizophrenia in this sample, a finding confirmed by individual genotyping (P = 0.01). " 01/01/2017 - "Homer proteins are implicated in a variety of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and addiction. " 07/01/2015 - "In frontal cortex we observed: 1) reduced expression of 120 kDa form of APP in subjects with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder; 2) reduced expression of 61 kDa and 33k Da forms of STEP in subjects with schizophrenia; 3) reduced expression of 88 kDa form of APP in subjects with bipolar disorder; and 3) trends for reduced expression of 88 kDa form of APP and homer 1 in subjects with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, respectively. " 11/01/2020 - "Here, we show that circHomer1a, a neuronal-enriched circRNA abundantly expressed in the frontal cortex, derived from Homer protein homolog 1 (HOMER1), is significantly reduced in both the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neuronal cultures from patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BD). " 10/01/2012 - "Substantial preclinical investigations have implicated that each of these Homer 1 variants are associated with the etiology of many neurological diseases, such as pain, mental retardation syndromes, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, drug-induced addiction, and traumatic brain injury."
3.	Bipolar Disorder (Manic Depressive Psychosis) 02/02/2018 - "Despite the evidence linking Homer 1 gene and function to mood disorder, as well as its involvement in animal models of depression, no study has yet investigated the role of Homer in bipolar depression and treatment response. " 07/01/2015 - "In frontal cortex we observed: 1) reduced expression of 120 kDa form of APP in subjects with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder; 2) reduced expression of 61 kDa and 33k Da forms of STEP in subjects with schizophrenia; 3) reduced expression of 88 kDa form of APP in subjects with bipolar disorder; and 3) trends for reduced expression of 88 kDa form of APP and homer 1 in subjects with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, respectively. " 11/01/2020 - "Here, we show that circHomer1a, a neuronal-enriched circRNA abundantly expressed in the frontal cortex, derived from Homer protein homolog 1 (HOMER1), is significantly reduced in both the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neuronal cultures from patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BD). " 02/02/2018 - "A Homer 1 gene variant influences brain structure and function, lithium effects on white matter, and antidepressant response in bipolar disorder: A multimodal genetic imaging study."
4.	Autistic Disorder (Autism) 03/26/2014 - "These findings support the link between Homer proteins and monogenic autism, and lay the groundwork for the use of mGlu5 receptor antagonists in AS. " 06/26/2013 - "In the vermis of adult subjects with autism, RAC1 was significantly increased while APP 120, STEP 66 kDa, STEP 27 kDa, and homer 1 were significantly decreased when compared with healthy controls. " 06/26/2013 - "In BA9 of adults with autism there were significant increases in RAC1 and STEP 46 kDa and a significant decrease in homer 1 vs. controls. " 06/26/2013 - "There was a significant effect of anticonvulsant use on STEP 46 kDa/β-actin and a potential effect on homer 1/NSE, in BA9 of adults with autism. " 07/01/2015 - "Our laboratory has recently demonstrated altered expression of four downstream targets of FMRP-mGluR5 signaling in brains of subjects with autism: homer 1, amyloid beta A4 precursor protein (APP), ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (RAC1), and striatal-enriched protein tyrosine phosphatase (STEP). "
5.	Mood Disorders (Mood Disorder) 02/02/2018 - "Despite the evidence linking Homer 1 gene and function to mood disorder, as well as its involvement in animal models of depression, no study has yet investigated the role of Homer in bipolar depression and treatment response. " 07/01/2012 - "We propose that excessive steroid release may contribute to depression- and anxiety-like behaviours and that the Homer 1 gene products may be involved in the pathogenesis of these stress-related mood disorders."

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Methylphenidate (Ritalin)
2.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)
3.	Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors (Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor)
4.	Glutamate Receptors (Glutamate Receptor)
5.	Metabotropic Glutamate 5 Receptor
6.	rac1 GTP-Binding Protein
7.	Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases
8.	Amyloid beta-Peptides
9.	N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptors (NMDA Receptors)
10.	Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics
2.	Denervation