Traumatic Brain Injuries (Traumatic Brain Injury)

A form of acquired brain injury which occurs when a sudden trauma causes damage to the brain.

Also Known As:

Traumatic Brain Injury; Brain Trauma; TBI (Traumatic Brain Injury); Brain Injury, Traumatic; Brain Injuries, Traumatic; Encephalopathy, Traumatic; Injury, Brain, Traumatic; TBIs (Traumatic Brain Injuries); Traumatic Encephalopathy; Brain Traumas; Encephalopathies, Traumatic; TBI (Traumatic Brain Injuries); Traumas, Brain; Traumatic Encephalopathies; Trauma, Brain

Networked: 14604 relevant articles (808 outcomes, 2432 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Stroke (Strokes)
2.	Cognitive Dysfunction
3.	Alzheimer Disease (Alzheimer's Disease)
4.	Brain Injuries (Brain Injury)
5.	Wounds and Injuries (Trauma)

Experts

1.	Kochanek, Patrick M: 159 articles (08/2022 - 01/2002)
2.	Dixon, C Edward: 107 articles (11/2021 - 04/2002)
3.	Menon, David K: 94 articles (05/2022 - 04/2004)
4.	Wang, Kevin K W: 88 articles (12/2022 - 02/2002)
5.	Clark, Robert S B: 76 articles (01/2021 - 02/2002)
6.	Hayes, Ronald L: 72 articles (10/2022 - 02/2002)
7.	Okonkwo, David O: 63 articles (12/2022 - 05/2002)
8.	Diaz-Arrastia, Ramon: 62 articles (12/2022 - 06/2003)
9.	Dietrich, W Dalton: 62 articles (05/2022 - 05/2002)
10.	Chopp, Michael: 61 articles (01/2019 - 01/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Traumatic Brain Injuries:

1.	Progesterone FDA LinkGeneric 04/01/2007 - "However, moderate traumatic brain injury survivors who received progesterone were more likely to have a moderate to good outcome than those randomized to placebo. " 06/01/2015 - "Progesterone is known to be effective in treating traumatic brain injury in adult animals but its effects in neonatal brains have not been reported. " 03/01/2016 - "Two multi-centre phase III clinical trials examining the protective potential of progesterone following traumatic brain injury have recently failed to demonstrate any improvement in outcome. " 11/01/2020 - "The efficacy of progesterone 1 mg kg-1 every 12 hours over 5 days in moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials." 12/01/2016 - "Efficacy of Progesterone for Acute Traumatic Brain Injury: a Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials."
2.	Biomarkers (Surrogate Marker)IBA 01/01/2023 - "Prognostication is very important to clinicians and families during the early management of severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI), however, there are no gold standard biomarkers to determine prognosis in sTBI. " 01/01/2013 - "Establishment of a traumatic brain injury (TBI)-sensitive biomarker or identification of a key therapeutic agent would significantly improve clinicians' efforts to diagnose and treat TBI, thereby promoting improved outcomes for patients. " 12/01/2014 - "As these biomarkers have been examined, with promising results, in patients with traumatic brain injury, there is a potential for their implementation in patients with vertebral spine fractures. " 09/01/2023 - "Several biofluid-based biomarkers for traumatic brain injury show promise for use in diagnosis and outcome prediction. " 04/24/2014 - "The efficacy of biomarkers in predicting the severity and outcome of traumatic brain injury has been stressed. "
3.	Neuroprotective AgentsIBA 01/01/1999 - "The search for clinically-effective neuroprotective agents has received enormous support in recent years--an estimated $200 million by pharmaceutical companies on clinical trials for traumatic brain injury alone. " 04/01/2007 - "Translating the efficacy of neuroprotective agents in experimental traumatic brain injury to clinical benefit has proven an extremely complex and, to date, unsuccessful undertaking. " 04/01/2007 - "Traumatic brain injury is a complex disease, and development of clinically effective neuroprotective agents is a difficult task. " 11/28/2023 - "The in vivo efficacy of SB1617 was confirmed in mice with traumatic brain injury in which SB1617 exerted neuroprotective effects by reducing pathogenic tau levels through microglia-mediated anti-inflammatory activity. " 11/04/2013 - "Efficacy of LEV as a neuroprotective drug against traumatic brain injury (TBI) has received much attention. "
4.	Erythropoietin FDA Link 10/01/2020 - "Erythropoietin (EPO) has been shown to be beneficial in traumatic brain injury (TBI). " 01/01/2013 - "To report the safety and efficacy of a novel therapeutic trial with umbilical cord blood (UCB) and concomitant recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO), which was tried for three cases of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rehabilitation. " 06/01/2009 - "Our data, for the first time, demonstrate that erythropoietin treatment restores brain mitochondrial function after traumatic brain injury, which will enhance cellular energy generation and reduce oxidative stress, strongly supporting erythropoietin as a promising agent for the therapeutic treatment of traumatic brain injury." 01/01/2020 - "Potential Efficacy of Erythropoietin on Reducing the Risk of Mortality in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." 09/01/2014 - "The efficacy of erythropoietin in treating experimental traumatic brain injury: a systematic review of controlled trials in animal models."
5.	AntioxidantsIBA 01/01/2010 - "Oxidative stress following traumatic brain injury: enhancement of endogenous antioxidant defense systems and the promise of improved outcome." 06/01/2017 - "The aim of this study was to discuss secondary traumatic brain injury, the mitochondria and the use of antioxidants as a treatment. " 07/25/2015 - "Previously, circulating total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients has been scarcely studied and only in studies of small sample size (lower than 55 TBI patients). " 09/29/2021 - "Targeting Oxidative Stress with Antioxidant Duotherapy after Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury." 09/01/2021 - "It is known that the alteration of antioxidants can been seen in early phase after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in order to block oxidative damage, but little is known about the influence of sex on antioxidant system in patients with TBI. "
6.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)FDA Link 01/01/2018 - "Wnt3a is a naturally occurring protein that has been shown to have protective effects in the brain for traumatic brain injury. " 01/01/2023 - "Preclinical evidence suggests that a functioning glymphatic system is also essential for recovery from traumatic brain injury, which involves release of debris and toxic proteins that need to be cleared from the brain. " 01/01/2023 - "A microtubule stabilizer ameliorates protein pathogenesis and neurodegeneration in mouse models of repetitive traumatic brain injury." 07/26/2006 - "Transgenic mice that overexpress the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein have improved histological outcome but unchanged behavioral outcome after traumatic brain injury." 11/01/2023 - "This study is the first to investigate this novel mechanism of protein dishomeostasis in traumatic brain injury (TBI). "
7.	Mannitol (Osmitrol)FDA LinkGeneric 06/23/2022 - "This systematic review aimed to compare the efficacy of hypertonic saline and mannitol in the management of traumatic brain injury and investigate the optimal dose and concentration of hypertonic saline for the treatment. " 01/01/2020 - "Hypertonic Saline is Superior to Mannitol for the Combined Effect on Intracranial Pressure and Cerebral Perfusion Pressure Burdens in Patients With Severe Traumatic Brain Injury." 01/01/2020 - "Mannitol and hypertonic saline (HTS) are effective in reducing intracranial pressure (ICP) after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). " 01/01/2020 - "Hypertonic saline (HTS) and mannitol are effective in reducing intracranial pressure (ICP) after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). " 01/01/2019 - "Both mannitol and hypertonic saline were equally effective for treatment of raised intracranial pressure in children with severe traumatic brain injury."
8.	MelatoninIBA 01/01/2022 - "However, the subgroup analysis showed a significant reduction in S100B in patients with non-traumatic brain injuries, receiving melatonin versus placebo (p: 0.016). " 01/01/2021 - "A recent clinical trial demonstrated that melatonin treatment was effective in improving self-perceived sleep quality in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI); however, it remains unclear which patients benefited from melatonin treatment. " 01/01/2022 - "Protective effects and regulatory pathways of melatonin in traumatic brain injury mice model: Transcriptomics and bioinformatics analysis." 01/01/2021 - "Registry: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry; Name: Efficacy of Melatonin for Sleep Disturbance Following Traumatic Brain Injury; URL: https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=343083&showOriginal=true&isReview=true; Identifier: ACTRN12611000734965. " 01/01/2018 - "The study aimed to determine the efficacy of melatonin supplementation for sleep disturbances in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). "
9.	Oxygen (Dioxygen)IBA 01/01/2012 - "[Therapeutic efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen on traumatic brain injury in the rat and the underlying mechanisms]." 05/01/2022 - "Monitoring and optimisation of brain tissue oxygen tension (PbtO2) has been associated with improved neurological outcome and survival in observational studies of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). " 05/01/2017 - "This systematic review examines the efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) for traumatic brain injury (TBI) to make evidence-based recommendations for its application and future research. " 04/01/2007 - "Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) has been shown to improve outcome after severe traumatic brain injury, but its underlying mechanisms are unknown. " 10/01/2022 - "Brain Oxygen Optimization in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury (BOOST-3): a multicentre, randomised, blinded-endpoint, comparative effectiveness study of brain tissue oxygen and intracranial pressure monitoring versus intracranial pressure alone."
10.	Methylphenidate (Ritalin)FDA LinkGeneric 02/01/2009 - "Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in functional deficits that often are effectively treated clinically with the neurostimulant, methylphenidate (MPH). " 05/01/2009 - "Efficacy of methylphenidate in the rehabilitation of attention following traumatic brain injury: a randomised, crossover, double blind, placebo controlled inpatient trial." 06/01/2017 - "Efficacy of methylphenidate for the treatment of mental sequelae after traumatic brain injury." 06/01/2017 - "To investigate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of extended-release methylphenidate in enhancing processing speed, complex attentional functioning and everyday attentional behaviour after traumatic brain injury. " 01/01/2017 - "Working Memory after Traumatic Brain Injury: The Neural Basis of Improved Performance with Methylphenidate."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 01/01/2018 - "Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability, but there are currently no therapies with proven efficacy for optimizing regeneration of repair during rehabilitation. " 01/01/2018 - "Traumatic brain injury (TBI), causing neurological deficit in 70% of survivors, still lacks a clinically proven effective therapy. " 11/01/2003 - "Severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) is a relatively common problem with few therapies proven effective. " 03/01/2023 - "Patients with traumatic brain injury receiving canine-assisted therapy demonstrated significant improvement compared with a control group." 07/13/2018 - "Historically, surgical evacuation has failed to demonstrate improved outcomes in comparison to standard medical therapy likely due to the significant brain trauma when accessing the clot. "
2.	Decompressive Craniectomy 01/01/2023 - "The efficacy of decompressive craniectomy (DC) for traumatic brain injury (TBI) have been investigated in two recent randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and DC is recommended as an optional treatment for improving overall survival compared to medical treatment. " 11/01/2018 - "Therapeutic Efficacy of Cranioplasty After Decompressive Craniectomy for Traumatic Brain Injury: A Retrospective Study." 01/01/2018 - "A decompressive craniectomy (DC) has been shown to be a life-saving therapeutic treatment for traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients, which also might result in post-operative behavioral dysfunction. " 07/01/2010 - "Debate continues as to whether decompressive craniectomy (DC) is an effective treatment for severe traumatic brain injury (STBI). " 08/01/2019 - "Efficacy of decompressive craniectomy in the management of intracranial pressure in severe traumatic brain injury."
3.	Induced Hypothermia 04/01/2004 - "Although induced hypothermia appears to be a highly promising treatment in various forms of neurological injury including traumatic brain injury, the difficulties in realising its therapeutic potential are underscored by the negative results from a large multi-center trial. " 12/20/2011 - " spite of many basic research projects demonstrating effectiveness, therapeutic hypothermia has not been proven effective for the heterogeneous group of traumatic brain injury patients in multicenter clinical trials. " 04/01/2017 - "Therapeutic hypothermia is likely a beneficial treatment following traumatic brain injuries in adults but cannot be recommended in children." 06/01/2013 - "Is therapeutic hypothermia beneficial for pediatric patients with traumatic brain injury? " 05/01/2017 - "A total of eight peer-reviewed studies were found, and the results show there is some evidence that therapeutic hypothermia may be effective in improving neurological outcome in adult patients with traumatic brain injury. "
4.	Resuscitation 01/01/1997 - "Rapid resuscitation of clinical and experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI) with hypertonic saline (HS) has been shown to improve neurological function and decrease intracranial pressure (ICP). " 01/01/2023 - "This study examined differences in clinical and resuscitation characteristics between injured children with and without severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) and aimed to identify resuscitation characteristics associated with improved outcomes following sTBI. " 01/01/2017 - "Prehospital plasma resuscitation associated with improved neurologic outcomes after traumatic brain injury." 12/01/2022 - "Early Hyperchloremia and Outcomes After Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: Analysis of Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium Hypertonic Saline Trial." 01/01/2020 - "24-month retrospective study, descriptive and analytical, including all severe traumatic brain injury patients hospitalized in the resuscitation department of Gabriel Touré University Hospital during this study period. "
5.	Cognitive Training 01/01/2008 - "The present research aimed to investigate whether social perception deficits commonly experienced in the adult traumatic brain injury (TBI) population can be successfully remediated through cognitive rehabilitation. " 02/01/2017 - "Computerized cognitive training programs have previously shown to be effective in improving cognitive abilities in patients suffering from traumatic brain injury (TBI). " 01/01/2023 - "This study examined the influence of processing speed (PS) on benefit from treatment with the Kessler Foundation modified Story Memory Technique® (KF-mSMT®), a cognitive rehabilitation intervention shown to improve new learning and memory in traumatic brain injury (TBI). " 01/01/2003 - "The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and perceived efficacy of the newly developed customized tele-cognitive rehabilitation programme for three subjects with traumatic brain injury through using single-case and qualitative research design. " 03/01/1997 - "This study examined the efficacy of computer-assisted cognitive rehabilitation (CACR) in persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI). "