Metatarsus Varus

A foot anomaly in which the forefoot (METATARSUS) is angled inward relative to the heel.

Also Known As:

In-Toeing; Metatarsal Varus; Metatarsus Adductovarus; Metatarsus Adductus; Pigeon Toed; Pigeon-Toed; Toeing In; Adductovarus, Metatarsus; Adductus, Metatarsus; In Toeing; Toed, Pigeon; Varus, Metatarsal; Varus, Metatarsus

Networked: 83 relevant articles (9 outcomes, 8 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Musculoskeletal Diseases: 719
- Foot Deformities: 448
  - Metatarsus Varus: 83

Related Diseases

1.	Hallux Valgus
2.	Congenital Abnormalities (Deformity)
3.	Pain (Aches)
4.	Low Back Pain (Lumbago)
5.	Urinary Incontinence

Experts

1.	Baur, Heiner: 2 articles (01/2022 - 10/2019)
2.	Eichelberger, Patric: 2 articles (01/2022 - 10/2019)
3.	Lerch, Till D: 2 articles (01/2022 - 10/2019)
4.	Liechti, Emanuel F: 2 articles (01/2022 - 10/2019)
5.	Siebenrock, Klaus A: 2 articles (01/2022 - 10/2019)
6.	Tannast, Moritz: 2 articles (01/2022 - 10/2019)
7.	Liang, Xiaojun: 2 articles (01/2020 - 11/2018)
8.	Burg, Alon: 1 article (09/2022)
9.	Nyska, Meir: 1 article (09/2022)
10.	Ohana, Nissim: 1 article (09/2022)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Metatarsus Varus:

1.	MetalsIBA 06/01/1993 - "A retrospective analysis of 795 patients treated for metatarsus adductovarus by a standardized outpatient approach by one of the authors (D.S.W.) from 1970 to 1983 was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a straight metal bar and attached reverse last shoe protocol. "
2.	17- N,N- diethylcarbamoyl- 4- methyl- 4- azaandrostane- 3- one (DMAA)IBA 10/01/2022 - "Radiographic measures compared preoperatively and postoperatively were the intermetatarsal angle (IMA), hallux valgus angle (HVA), foot width (FW), distal metatarsal articular angle (DMAA), sesamoid station (SS), metatarsus adductus angle (MAA), first metatarsal to second metatarsal length, and elevation of the first metatarsal. " 01/01/2018 - "Radiographic measurements included the hallux valgus angle (HVA), hallux interphalangeal angle, intermetatarsal angle (IMA), metatarsus adductus angle, distal metatarsal articular angle (DMAA), tibial sesamoid position, anteroposterior (AP) talo-first metatarsal angle, and lateral talo-first metatarsal angle. " 08/01/2013 - "Using standard weight-bearing radiographs, we measured hallux valgus angle (HVA), intermetatarsal angle (IMA), distal metatarsal articular angle (DMAA), proximal phalangeal angle (PPA), metatarsus adductus angle (MAA), and congruency, preoperatively and at an average of 21 months after surgery. " 12/01/2023 - "intermetatarsal angle (IMA), hallux valgus angle (HVA), lateral round sign of the first metatarsal, tibial sesamoid position (TSP), metatarsus adductus angle (MAA), transverse osseous foot width, 1st MT length, MTP osteoarthritis (OA), and distal metatarsal articular angle (DMAA). "
3.	serpentine (alkaloid)IBA 01/01/2020 - "There are two main entities under the term "deformity": metatarsus adductus and skewfoot (aka "Z"-foot or serpentine foot). " 11/01/1993 - "Main features in the three reported cases were growth retardation, abnormal face, hirsutism, short neck, bowed forearms and lower legs due to bowed radii and elongated serpentine fibulae, and metatarsus adductus. " 01/01/1990 - "Serpentine foot or Z-shaped foot, definite as varus of forefoot with valgus of heel, is a deformity which is advisable to separate from metatarsus varus in children. "
4.	Pemetrexed (MTA)FDA Link 09/01/2021 - "Approximately one in 100 babies has metatarsus adductus) MTA(. " 09/01/2021 - "The presence of metatarsus adductus (MTA) adds complexity to the diagnosis and treatment of hallux valgus (HV). "
5.	Therapeutic UsesIBA 02/01/2017 - "Therapeutic Effect of Microcurrent Therapy in Children With In-toeing Gait Caused by Increased Femoral Anteversion: A Pilot Study."
6.	ZincIBA 11/01/1981 - "Among infants displaying congenital defects at birth those with undescended testes and metatarsus varus were delivered by mothers whose plasma zinc was well below the mean for the group. "
7.	SolutionsIBA 09/01/2022 - "Treating Hallux Valgus Associated Metatarsus Adductus by Minimally Invasive Surgery: A Simple Solution for a Difficult Problem."
8.	PlasticsIBA 01/01/1981 - "Since cast correction of congenital metatarsus adductus requires purchase of the cast on the foot only, a plastic slipper cast can accomplish this task. "
9.	Indicators and Reagents (Reagents)IBA 11/01/1979 - "Measurement of the 1--5 rather than the 1--2 intermetatarsal angel is a more reliable indicator of first metatarsal varus. "
10.	Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD)IBA 03/01/2022 - "Forefoot adduction deformity (FAD) (commonly called metatarsus adductus) is reported as the most common congenital foot deformity in newborns. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Orthotic Devices (Orthosis) 07/01/2022 - "The main question posted here is which orthoses are more effective in correcting metatarsus adductus. " 12/01/2004 - "The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of early or delayed orthotic treatment of congenital metatarsus varus and evaluate the efficacy of static vs dynamic anti-varus orthosis. " 03/01/2014 - "Resistant metatarsus adductus: prospective randomized trial of casting versus orthosis." 03/01/2014 - "We compared clinical outcomes using serial casting with orthoses for resistant metatarsus adductus. " 12/01/2004 - "Early and delayed orthotic treatment in congenital metatarsus varus: effectiveness of two types of orthoses."
2.	Surgical Casts (Plaster Cast) 01/01/1999 - "We conclude that a below-knee plaster cast is effective in the treatment of metatarsus adductus." 01/01/1999 - "Sixty-five infants with moderate (37 feet) or severe (48 feet) inflexible metatarsus adductus were treated with a below-knee plaster cast. " 01/01/1999 - "Below-knee plaster cast for the treatment of metatarsus adductus." 02/01/1983 - "In a retrospective study of results of treatment in 160 children (265 feet) who had metatarsus adductus prospectively defined by severity and flexibility, we found that in 147 patients treated with plaster casts or casts followed by derotation splints the only significant predictor of a good outcome was the age of the patient. "
3.	Osteotomy 01/01/1990 - "The metatarsus varus was always improved except 3 cases; in these cases a basilar metatarsal osteotomy would have to be performed. " 01/01/2022 - "Less in-toeing after femoral derotation osteotomy in adult patients with increased femoral version and posterior hip impingement compared to patients with femoral retroversion." 10/31/2020 - "1. Medial cuneiform and cuboid osteotomy with a transposed wedge improves both clinical and radiological parameters, especially in children under the age of 6. 2. Besides the metatarsus adductus angle, the talar-first meta-tarsal, calcaneal-fifth metatarsal and Kilmartin's angles appear to be good radiologic indicators of correction." 10/01/2016 - "Combined Medial Cuneiform Osteotomy and Multiple Metatarsal Osteotomies For Correction of Persistent Metatarsus Adductus in Children." 02/01/2006 - "In patients with a wide preoperative first intermetatarsal (IM) angle an important question is whether the metatarsus varus will be corrected by the first MTP joint fusion alone or whether an additional basal osteotomy is necessary. "
4.	Splints (Splint) 12/01/2004 - "Both static and dynamic orthoses are useful for correction of congenital metatarsus varus. " 09/01/1968 - "Treatment of congenital metatarsus varus with Denis Browne splints." 03/01/1959 - "A metatarsus varus splint for the pre-walker." 02/01/1983 - "In a retrospective study of results of treatment in 160 children (265 feet) who had metatarsus adductus prospectively defined by severity and flexibility, we found that in 147 patients treated with plaster casts or casts followed by derotation splints the only significant predictor of a good outcome was the age of the patient. " 03/01/1951 - "A splint for the dynamic correction of talipes equinovarus and metatarsus adductus."
5.	Therapeutics 02/01/2017 - "To investigate the efficacy of portable microcurrent therapy device (PMTD) of the hip internal rotators in the treatment of in-toeing gait caused by increased femoral anteversion in children over 8 years of age. " 05/01/2018 - "The most common congenital flexible foot deformity in children is the metatarsus adductus, which usually requires no long-term therapy. " 02/01/2017 - "Therapeutic Effect of Microcurrent Therapy in Children With In-toeing Gait Caused by Increased Femoral Anteversion: A Pilot Study."