Primary Cervical Dystonia

A clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of autosomal dominant movement disorders characterized by sustained dystonic muscle contractions causing involuntary twisting movements and/or postures, where causes such as cerebral lesions (especially of the basal ganglia), drugs, or other neurologic disorders have not been found. Adult-onset torsion dystonia usually remains focal and is localized in the upper part of the body. OMIM: 602124

Also Known As:

Networked: 18 relevant articles (2 outcomes, 3 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Dystonia (Limb Dystonia)
2.	Task-Specific Focal Dystonia

Experts

1.	Mueller, Joerg: 2 articles (08/2015 - 08/2007)
2.	Poewe, Werner: 2 articles (08/2015 - 08/2007)
3.	Hodaie, Mojgan: 2 articles (09/2013 - 03/2013)
4.	Lozano, Andres M: 2 articles (09/2013 - 03/2013)
5.	Moro, Elena: 2 articles (09/2013 - 03/2013)
6.	Poon, Yu-Yan: 2 articles (09/2013 - 03/2013)
7.	Bhatia, K P: 2 articles (06/2013 - 08/2001)
8.	Ip, Chi Wang: 1 article (12/2021)
9.	Maisonobe, Pascal: 1 article (12/2021)
10.	Schramm, Axel: 1 article (12/2021)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Primary Cervical Dystonia:

1.	incobotulinumtoxinAFDA Link 12/01/2021 - "Even though treatment guidelines recommend botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT-A) as first line treatment for primary cervical dystonia (CD), there are only limited data on how BoNT-A-injections are administered in routine clinical practice. " 01/01/2020 - "This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of [99mTc]sestamibi ([99mTc]MIBI) single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging for the identification of dystonic muscles in primary cervical dystonia (PCD) patients who underwent botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT-A) therapy. "
2.	Botulinum Toxins (Botulinum Toxin)IBA 03/01/2013 - "The local injection of botulinum toxin is accepted as the first-line treatment of primary cervical dystonia. " 06/01/2013 - "Patients with primary cervical dystonia attending our botulinum toxin clinic were assessed with an interview and neurological examination and their notes reviewed. "
3.	Type A Botulinum Toxins (Botox)FDA Link 06/01/2008 - "To investigate possible changes in autonomic cardiovascular regulation and cardiopulmonary baroreflex sensitivity in patients with primary cervical dystonia receiving chronic treatment with botulinum toxin type A. " 01/01/2020 - "This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of [99mTc]sestamibi ([99mTc]MIBI) single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging for the identification of dystonic muscles in primary cervical dystonia (PCD) patients who underwent botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT-A) therapy. "
4.	abobotulinumtoxinAFDA Link 08/01/2017 - "Aim of this study was to investigate the long-term efficacy and safety of abobotulinumtoxin A (A/Abo) in patients with primary cervical dystonia. " 07/01/2013 - "A 39-year-old Iranian female patient who was a known case of primary cervical dystonia since 10 years ago presented to a private office for Dysport injection. "
5.	Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi (Cardiolite)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2020 - "This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of [99mTc]sestamibi ([99mTc]MIBI) single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging for the identification of dystonic muscles in primary cervical dystonia (PCD) patients who underwent botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT-A) therapy. "
6.	Therapeutic UsesIBA 05/01/2013 - "We retrospectively investigated the correlation between disease duration and the therapeutic effect of globus pallidus internus (GPi) stimulation in patients with primary cervical dystonia (CD). " 05/01/2013 - "Long disease duration interferes with therapeutic effect of globus pallidus internus pallidal stimulation in primary cervical dystonia."
7.	SolutionsIBA 04/01/2012 - "Linkage and haplotype analyses were combined with solution-based whole-exome capture and massively parallel sequencing in a large Caucasian pedigree with adult onset, primary cervical dystonia to identify a cosegregating mutation. "
8.	Dopamine Receptors (Dopamine Receptor)IBA 08/01/2001 - "The objective was to assess whether polymorphisms in the dopamine receptor and transporter genes are associated with development of primary cervical dystonia. "
9.	FHDIBA 08/15/2007 - "Nine patients with primary generalized dystonia (GD), 11 patients with primary cervical dystonia (CD), and 11 patients with primary focal hand dystonia (FHD) as well as 31 age and gender-matched controls were included. "
10.	salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM)IBA 08/01/2015 - "As part of the first randomized, sham-controlled multicenter trial on DBS in medication-refractory primary cervical dystonia (ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00148889), a subgroup of 13 patients aged 39 to 69 underwent prospective neuropsychological long-term follow-up assessments. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Injections 12/01/2021 - "Even though treatment guidelines recommend botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT-A) as first line treatment for primary cervical dystonia (CD), there are only limited data on how BoNT-A-injections are administered in routine clinical practice. "
2.	Deep Brain Stimulation 10/01/2009 - "The purpose of this study was to analyze in detail the relationship between outcome and time course of effect in medically refractory primary cervical dystonia (CD) with phasic type that was treated by bilateral globus pallidus internus (Gpi) deep brain stimulation (DBS). " 08/01/2015 - "Cognitive outcome of pallidal deep brain stimulation for primary cervical dystonia: One year follow up results of a prospective multicenter trial." 09/01/2013 - "Predictive factors of outcome in primary cervical dystonia following pallidal deep brain stimulation." 03/08/2011 - "Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation in primary cervical dystonia." 10/01/2009 - "Pallidal deep brain stimulation in primary cervical dystonia with phasic type : clinical outcome and postoperative course."
3.	Therapeutics 01/01/2020 - "This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of [99mTc]sestamibi ([99mTc]MIBI) single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging for the identification of dystonic muscles in primary cervical dystonia (PCD) patients who underwent botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT-A) therapy. "
4.	Vagus Nerve Stimulation 10/01/2015 - "For the first time, percutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (pVNS) was applied in a single case of primary cervical dystonia. "
5.	Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation 09/01/2007 - "Relief of primary cervical dystonia symptoms by low frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation of the premotor cortex: case report."