pheomelanin

11/15/2012 - "Selective absence of pheomelanin synthesis was protective against melanoma development. "
07/10/2020 - "To conclude, spectroscopic analyses suggest that pheomelanin-related compounds may exist in malignant melanoma."
11/21/2017 - "Methods: Pheomelanin-enriched specimens were prepared from human hair and cutaneous melanoma tissue using alkaline lysis method.Synthetic"
01/01/2017 - "These findings open a new avenue for understanding the mechanism linking pheomelanin synthesis to human melanoma risk."
11/28/2016 - "Individuals with fair skin and red hair exhibit the highest risk for developing melanoma, with evidence suggesting the red/blond pigment known as pheomelanin may elevate melanoma risk through both UV radiation-dependent and -independent mechanisms. "

07/01/1983 - "The reactions of pheomelanin may be related to the susceptibility of "Celtic" skin to UV radiation-induced skin damage and carcinogenesis."
01/01/2000 - "UVA, pheomelanin and the carcinogenesis of melanoma."
03/01/2013 - "Changes in the amounts of cellular eumelanin and pheomelanin have been associated with carcinogenesis. "
04/01/1991 - "Altered melanin synthesis may also affect the carcinogenesis in malignant melanoma: pheomelanin is increased in malignant melanoma and DMN, but not in normal skin and CMN. "
01/01/2015 - "This is because one type of melanin called eumelanin is UV absorbent, whereas the other, pheomelanin, is photounstable and may even promote carcinogenesis. "

11/16/2010 - "Consequently, researchers have worked to elucidate the chemistry of pheomelanin to determine whether the pigment could cause these cancers and, if so, by what mechanisms. "
11/16/2010 - "Epidemiological studies of skin and ocular cancers suggest that increasing relative proportions of pheomelanin correlate with increased risk factors for these diseases. "
06/01/2013 - "This may be especially relevant to detect pheomelanin in animal skin including humans, where it has been associated with animal appearance and classification, human phototypes, prevention of skin diseases and cancer risk."
09/28/2020 - "The combination of light-induced stress and aging may affect pheomelanin-carrying melanocytes in a different way than eumelanin-carrying melanocytes, increasing the risk of developing a malignancy."
04/15/2019 - "Murine B16BL6 tumor are highly pigmented with mostly eumelanin (98.1% of eumelanin) while human SK-MEL-3 tumor contain about 30% pheomelanin. "

12/01/2019 - "5-S-cysteinyl-dopa (5-S-CD), a precursor of pheomelanin, has been previously revealed to be a useful biomarker for advanced-stage malignant melanoma, especially in patients with distant metastases. "
01/01/1988 - "5-S-Cysteinyldopa (5-S-CD), a pheomelanin precursor, has been used as a biochemical marker of melanoma metastasis. "
04/01/1994 - "To establish a better method for the detection of occult melanoma this study compares the plasma levels of a pheomelanin metabolite, 5-S-CD, and a eumelanin metabolite, 6-hydroxy-5-methoxyindole-2-carboxylic acid (6H5MI2C), in melanoma and non-melanoma patients and correlates them with tumor thickness and melanoma metastasis. "
03/01/1993 - "Specifically, we will discuss that: 1) the synthesis of pheomelanin is markedly increased in malignant melanoma and dysplastic melanocytic nevi; 2) high levels of metabolites of pheomelanin and eumelanin can be detected in the urine and blood of patients with metastatic melanoma; 3) this release of melanin metabolites appears to correlate with tumor thickness and tumor load, including the extent of metastasis; 4) the synthesis of melanosomal proteins also becomes aberrant in malignant melanoma; and 5) this abnormal melanosome synthesis can be utilized in the identification of antigenic epitopes that are uniquely expressed in malignant melanoma. "

04/15/1983 - "Topical application of 4-tertiary butyl catechol (TBC) causes vitiligo in the skin of man and animals, and previous electron microscopic studies showed pheomelanin formation in the affected areas. "