Belonephobia

Also Known As:

Aichmophobia; Fear of injections; Fear of needles; Fear of needles or injections; Fear of needles or pointed objects; Phobia, injections; Phobia, needles; Phobia, pointed objects; Trypanophobia

Networked: 103 relevant articles (4 outcomes, 6 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Mental Disorders: 24177
- Anxiety Disorders: 7356
  - Phobic Disorders: 1089
    - Belonephobia: 103

Related Diseases

1.	Phobic Disorders (Phobia)
2.	Human Influenza (Influenza)
3.	Egg Hypersensitivity (Egg Allergy)
4.	Sexually Transmitted Diseases (Sexually Transmitted Disease)
5.	Pain (Aches)

Experts

1.	Haddad, Peter M: 2 articles (01/2016 - 10/2014)
2.	Chambers, Christine T: 2 articles (10/2015 - 01/2009)
3.	Shah, Vibhuti: 2 articles (10/2015 - 01/2009)
4.	Taddio, Anna: 2 articles (10/2015 - 01/2009)
5.	Aminoshariae, Anita: 2 articles (02/2015 - 09/2014)
6.	Mickel, Andre: 2 articles (02/2015 - 09/2014)
7.	Montagnese, Thomas A: 2 articles (02/2015 - 09/2014)
8.	Dailey, George: 2 articles (06/2007 - 01/2007)
9.	Gude, Jayasudha: 1 article (12/2022)
10.	Payberah, Daniel: 1 article (12/2022)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Belonephobia:

1.	Insulin (Novolin)FDA Link 07/01/2016 - "In patients with DM2 poorly controlled with OADs, overcoming a fear of injections and starting treatment with insulin was associated with an overall improvement in satisfaction with the new treatment, and decreased the perception of hyperglycaemic episodes. " 05/01/2015 - "Patients perceived less stigmatization by insulin injection (D = -2.2 ± 6.2, P = .18, d = 0.35), increased positive outcome (D = 1.9 ± 6.6, P = .17, d = 0.29), and less fear of injections (1.3 ± 4.8, P = .55, d = 0.28). " 10/01/2020 - "The strongest reasons for patient unwillingness were injection anxieties, fear of needles, insufficient knowledge of insulin, feeling unable to cope with insulin and concerns about out-of-pocket costs. " 01/01/2019 - "Background: Barriers to mealtime insulin include complexity, fear of injections, and lifestyle interference. " 01/01/2018 - "There are reports of noncompliance to insulin due to trypanophobia, with suggestions for the use of oral hypoglycaemic agents (OHAs). "
2.	VaccinesIBA 01/01/2023 - "Across all study sites, 7 main themes emerged with regard to COVID-19-related vaccination concerns for children: (1) potential side effects, (2) vaccine development, (3) misinformation (subthemes: content of vaccine and negative intent of the vaccine), (4) vaccine effectiveness, (5) timing of vaccine administration/availability for children, (6) fear of needles, and (7) mistrust. " 01/01/2023 - "TDF analysis identified perceptions of vaccine side effects (beliefs about consequences [BACons]) was the most common barrier to vaccination, followed by time constraints (environmental context and resources [ECR]) and fear of needles (Emotion). " 07/01/2022 - "The most frequently reported barriers were lack of vaccine information (41%), lack of access to vaccination (38%), fear of adverse reactions (38%), financial reasons (29%), lack of awareness of vaccine existence (29%), antivaccine sentiments (24%), notion that older adults do not need vaccination (18%), misconceptions on vaccine effectiveness (12%), potential sexual health promotion stigma (6%) and fear of needles (3%). " 01/01/2021 - "The following were the main reasons for not giving children the vaccine: children were less likely to get seasonal flu (617, 24.7%), fear of side effects (491, 19.6%), and fear of needles and syringes (484, 19.4%). " 12/01/2019 - "The main barriers for vaccine uptake or for three doses completion were the event in Carmen de Bolivar, fear of adverse effects and fear of needles. "
3.	COVID-19 VaccinesIBA 05/06/2021 - "Being female, being middle aged, having <5 years of work experience, having no fear of injections, and being a non-smoker were predictive factors for taking the upcoming COVID-19 vaccine. " 06/07/2023 - "The study found that the major reasons cited for refusing the COVID-19 vaccines were distrust in vaccine safety, concerns about side effects, fear of needles, and vaccine efficacy." 10/11/2023 - "Fear of injections was a barrier to vaccine uptake (aRR 0.85 95% CI 0.82-0.88), while being tested for COVID-19 (aRR 2.10 95% CI 1.85-2.38) and believing that the COVID-19 vaccine was safe (aRR 1.31 95% CI 1.18-1.44) and would prevent you from getting very sick (aRR 1.11 95% CI 1.04-1.19) were facilitators. " 01/01/2022 - "From this systematic review, factors significantly associated with pro-vaccination attitude towards COVID-19 vaccine among HCWs were such as age, gender, race, work experience, home location, having no fear of injections, being a non-smoker, profession, presence of chronic illnesses, allergies, confidence in pharmaceutical companies, history of taking influenza vaccine, vaccine recommendation, perceived risk of new vaccines, perceived utility of vaccine, receiving a seasonal flu vaccination in the last 5 years, working in a private hospital, a high perceived pandemic risk index, low vaccine harm index, high pro-socialness index, being in close contact with a high-risk group, knowledge about the virus, confidence in and expectations about personal protective equipment, and behaviors. "
4.	Papillomavirus Vaccines (HPV Vaccines)IBA 11/01/2013 - "Among 16 studies (n=5048) included in meta-analyses, perceived HPV vaccine benefits, anticipatory regret, partner thinks one should get vaccine and healthcare provider recommendation had medium effect sizes, and the following factors had small effect sizes on HPV vaccine acceptability: perceived HPV vaccine effectiveness, need for multiple shots, fear of needles, fear of side effects, supportive/accepting social environment, perceived risk/susceptibility to HPV, perceived HPV severity, number of lifetime sexual partners, having a current sex partner, non-receipt of hepatitis B vaccine, smoking cigarettes, history of sexually transmitted infection, HPV awareness, HPV knowledge, cost, logistical barriers, being employed and non-white ethnicity. "
5.	Hepatitis B Vaccines (Hepatitis B Vaccine)IBA 11/01/2013 - "Among 16 studies (n=5048) included in meta-analyses, perceived HPV vaccine benefits, anticipatory regret, partner thinks one should get vaccine and healthcare provider recommendation had medium effect sizes, and the following factors had small effect sizes on HPV vaccine acceptability: perceived HPV vaccine effectiveness, need for multiple shots, fear of needles, fear of side effects, supportive/accepting social environment, perceived risk/susceptibility to HPV, perceived HPV severity, number of lifetime sexual partners, having a current sex partner, non-receipt of hepatitis B vaccine, smoking cigarettes, history of sexually transmitted infection, HPV awareness, HPV knowledge, cost, logistical barriers, being employed and non-white ethnicity. "
6.	Hypoglycemic Agents (Hypoglycemics)IBA 07/01/2016 - "This is an observational, multicentre study of patients diagnosed with DM2 who attended primary care centres with poor glycaemic control (A1c≥8%) under treatment with oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs), and who were given motivational treatment to overcome their fear of injections, and started treatment with insulin. "
7.	Influenza Vaccines (Influenza Vaccine)FDA Link 01/01/2021 - "Physicians' reasons for not prescribing influenza vaccines to patients included fear of side effects (16.54%), cost (15.64%), lack of awareness about availability (15.38%), absence of belief that it is beneficial (14.36%), history of side effects (13.46%), and patients' fear of needles (11.28%). " 01/01/2012 - "Licensed intradermal influenza vaccines can be considered a valid alternative to standard intramuscular vaccination offering significant advantages in low-responder populations and helping to increase influenza vaccination coverage rates especially in people with fear of needles or high apprehension associated with annual vaccination." 01/01/2022 - "From this systematic review, factors significantly associated with pro-vaccination attitude towards COVID-19 vaccine among HCWs were such as age, gender, race, work experience, home location, having no fear of injections, being a non-smoker, profession, presence of chronic illnesses, allergies, confidence in pharmaceutical companies, history of taking influenza vaccine, vaccine recommendation, perceived risk of new vaccines, perceived utility of vaccine, receiving a seasonal flu vaccination in the last 5 years, working in a private hospital, a high perceived pandemic risk index, low vaccine harm index, high pro-socialness index, being in close contact with a high-risk group, knowledge about the virus, confidence in and expectations about personal protective equipment, and behaviors. "
8.	Blood Glucose (Blood Sugar)IBA 01/01/2015 - "Patients with a more intense fear of needles have higher HbA1c levels and less frequent blood sugar monitoring. " 03/01/2020 - "Self-monitoring of blood glucose is of particular importance in maintaining adequate glycemic control but when obtained using traditional fingerstick methods, is often limited with by cost, fear of needles or pain and inconvenience. " 01/01/2014 - "The barriers identified included: frustration related to high blood glucose reading; perception that SMBG was only for insulin titration; stigma; fear of needles and pain; cost of test strips and needles; inconvenience; unconducive workplace; and lack of motivation, knowledge, and self-efficacy. "
9.	TabletsIBA 01/01/2020 - "Subgroup analyses revealed that patients with a previous fracture valued efficacy most, and patients with a fear of needles or aged > 65 years preferred oral tablets. " 10/01/2014 - "Participants regarded the advantages of LAIs as convenience and avoiding forgetting to take tablets, while disadvantages included injection pain, fear of needles and coercion. "
10.	Epinephrine (Adrenaline)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2023 - "Alternative routes of administration of epinephrine are under investigation to minimize any mechanical issue and the fear of injections. " 02/01/2006 - "Epinephrine autoinjectors are underused in the emergency treatment of anaphylaxis in the community, perhaps in part because of fear of needles. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Injections 10/01/2023 - "Concerns included fear of needles, doubts about efficacy, potential side effects, and difficulties for ensuring timely injections (e.g., when traveling abroad). " 01/01/2023 - "Vasovagal reactions are common amongst patients with a fear of needles receiving injections or during venipuncture, but they are rarely studied in healthy people undergoing earlobe piercing. " 01/01/2022 - "Women who preferred pills discussed fear of needles, skepticism about the injections, and others relayed that taking a daily pill would not be challenging for them. " 01/01/2022 - "Special considerations for pediatric patients include fear of needles, avoiding discomfort with injections, consent, optimal injection scheduling, and difficulty communicating about symptoms during reactions in very young children. " 05/13/2020 - "There is evidence that children with dental anxiety also experience fear of needles, including intra-oral injections. "
2.	Laser Therapy (Surgery, Laser) 09/01/2013 - "While laser therapy is the method of choice for patients with a fear of needles and healthcare professionals inexperienced with the dry needling technique, further controlled studies are still needed to prove the greater efficacy of this method. "
3.	Dry Needling 09/01/2013 - "While laser therapy is the method of choice for patients with a fear of needles and healthcare professionals inexperienced with the dry needling technique, further controlled studies are still needed to prove the greater efficacy of this method. "
4.	Therapeutics 05/01/2023 - "Patient also suffers from trypanophobia, so he declined any surgical intervention and wanted lifelong oral medication therapy." 11/01/2018 - "In routine clinical practice, an usual therapeutic approach is called escalation therapy; that is, starting with a moderate-efficacy treatment according to the clinical-radiological inflammatory profile, taking into account the patient's personal situation (pregnancy desire, fear of needles, prior comorbidity) and then move on to a high-efficacy treatment in case of suboptimal response. " 10/01/2015 - "In vivo exposure-based therapy with adults reduced fear of needles posttreatment (n=20; SMD: -1.09 [-2.04, -0.14]) but not at 1-year follow-up (n=20; SMD: -0.28 [-1.16, 0.6]). " 12/01/1998 - "Five of the patients considered DDsc therapy as more pleasant and described a definite decrease in fear of injections. " 06/01/1997 - "The patients cited one or more of the following reasons for discontinuation: desire for a permanent modality of therapy (29%), lack of a suitable partner (26%), fear of needles (23%), poor response (23%), fear of complications (22%), and lack of sexual spontaneity (21%). "
5.	Glycemic Control 01/01/2020 - "However, this route has been associated with compromised patient compliance, fear of injections and unacceptability, resulting in poor glycemic control, which promote the demand for alternative routes of insulin administration. " 01/01/2019 - "Conclusion: The use of a needle-free injector can significantly lower the dosage of insulin required to achieve good glycemic control and reduce topical adverse reactions and the fear of injections as well, which help to improve patient compliance. " 03/01/2020 - "Self-monitoring of blood glucose is of particular importance in maintaining adequate glycemic control but when obtained using traditional fingerstick methods, is often limited with by cost, fear of needles or pain and inconvenience. " 06/01/2007 - "Insulin therapy is often delayed, despite its effectiveness in maintaining glycemic control, for reasons such as fear of needles or dislike of the complexity of injections. " 01/01/2007 - "Insulin therapy is often delayed, despite its effectiveness in maintaining glycemic control, for reasons such as fear of needles or dislike of the complexity of injections. "