ACE inhibitors improve not only symptoms and signs of
heart failure in patients with symptomatic
left ventricular dysfunction but also lead to a slower progression of
heart failure. In asymptomatic patients with
left ventricular dysfunction, the progression to symptomatic
heart failure is retarded by
ACE inhibitors. As
heart failure is preceded in about 80% by
myocardial infarctions, trials were designed to influence the development of
heart failure after
myocardial infarction. It could be shown that
therapy with
ACE inhibitors ameliorates the progressive left ventricular dilatation and that this effect is translated into a significant increase of life expectancy. Mainly based on the CONSENSUS I study, large doses of
ACE inhibitors were used in most subsequent trials. The mean daily doses of
enalapril were 18.4 mg in the CONSENSUS I trial and 16.6 and 16.7 mg in both arms of the SOLVD trial. There is a trend towards lower doses of
ACE inhibitors, as in the SAVE trial only 79% of the patients taking
captopril received the target dose of 150 mg daily. Smaller studies used similar target doses, but a beneficial effect on left ventricular enlargement has been shown with a daily dose of only 75 mg
captopril. Based on the hypothesis that the left ventricular enlargement is mainly determined by the activation of the local cardiac renin angiotensin system, even lower, and therefore better tolerated, doses of
ACE inhibitors may prove effective. However, studies comparing the effect of different doses of
ACE inhibitors on
left ventricular remodeling are missing. Consequently, the above-mentioned target doses of
ACE inhibitors should be aimed at when treating patients after
myocardial infarction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)