Abstract | Background: Past research indicates a higher prevalence, incidence, and severe clinical manifestations of alpha-synucleinopathies in men, leading to a suggestion of neuroprotective properties of female sex hormones (especially estrogen). The potential pathomechanisms of any such effect on alpha-synucleinopathies, however, are far from understood. With that aim, we undertook to systematically review, and to critically assess, contemporary evidence on sex and gender differences in alpha-synucleinopathies using a bench-to-bedside approach. Methods: Results: One hundred sixty-two studies were included; 5 RBD, 6 MSA, 20 DLB and 131 PD studies. Overall, there is conclusive evidence to suggest sex-and gender-specific manifestation in demographics, biomarkers, genetics, clinical features, interventions, and quality of life in alpha-synucleinopathies. Only limited data exists on the effects of distinct sex hormones, with majority of studies concentrating on estrogen and its speculated neuroprotective effects. Conclusion:
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Authors | Kausar Raheel, Gemma Deegan, Irene Di Giulio, Diana Cash, Katarina Ilic, Valentina Gnoni, K Ray Chaudhuri, Panagis Drakatos, Rosalyn Moran, Ivana Rosenzweig |
Journal | Frontiers in neurology
(Front Neurol)
Vol. 14
Pg. 1204104
( 2023)
ISSN: 1664-2295 [Print] Switzerland |
PMID | 37545736
(Publication Type: Systematic Review)
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Copyright | Copyright © 2023 Raheel, Deegan, Di Giulio, Cash, Ilic, Gnoni, Chaudhuri, Drakatos, Moran and Rosenzweig. |
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