Ambient particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure contributes to neurodegeneration through the microbiome-gut-brain axis: Therapeutic role of melatonin.

Abstract

Exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM2.5) has been shown to disturb the gut microbiome homeostasis and cause initiation of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration via gut-brain bi-directional axis. Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are carcinogenic and mutagenic, are important organic constituents of PM2.5 that could be involved in the microbiome-gut-brain axis-mediated neurodegeneration. Melatonin (ML) has been shown to modulate the microbiome and curb inflammation in the gut and brain. However, no studies have been reported for its effect on PM2.5-induced neuroinflammation. In the current study, it was observed that treatment with ML at 100 µM significantly inhibits microglial activation (HMC-3 cells) and colonic inflammation (CCD-841 cells) by the conditioned media from PM2.5 exposed BEAS2B cells. Further, melatonin treatment at a dose of 50 mg/kg to C57BL/6 mice exposed to PM2.5 (at a dose of 60 µg/animal) for 90 days significantly alleviated the neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration caused by PAHs in PM2.5 by modulating olfactory-brain and microbiome-gut-brain axis.

• Authors: Samir Ranjan Panda, Vishal Balu Chaudhari, Sahabuddin Ahmed, Mohit Kwatra, Aishwarya Jala, Srikanth Ponneganti, Sharad D Pawar, Roshan M Borkar, Pawan Sharma, V G M Naidu
• Journal: Environmental toxicology and pharmacology (Environ Toxicol Pharmacol) Vol. 101 Pg. 104183 (Aug 2023) ISSN: 1872-7077 [Electronic] Netherlands
• PMID: 37321333 (Publication Type: Journal Article)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Chemical References

• Particulate Matter
• Air Pollutants
• Melatonin

Topics

• Animals
• Mice
• Particulate Matter (toxicity, analysis)
• Air Pollutants (toxicity, analysis)
• Melatonin (pharmacology, therapeutic use)
• Brain-Gut Axis
• Neuroinflammatory Diseases
• Mice, Inbred C57BL
• Inflammation