The
coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic not only encouraged people to practice good hygiene but also caused behavioral inhibitions and resulted reduction in both endemic and
imported infectious diseases. However, the changing patterns of
vector-borne diseases under human mobility restrictions remain unclear. Hence, we aimed to investigate the impact of transborder and local mobility restrictions on
vector-borne diseases through a descriptive epidemiological study. The analysis was conducted using data from the National Epidemiological Surveillance of
Infectious Diseases system in Japan. We defined the pre-pandemic period as the period between the 1st week of 2016 to the 52nd week of 2019 and defined the pandemic period as from the 1st week of 2020 to the 52nd week of 2021, with the assumption that human mobility was limited throughout the pandemic period. This study addressed 24 diseases among notifiable
vector borne diseases. Datasets were obtained from weekly reports from the National Epidemiological Surveillance of
Infectious Diseases, and the incidence of each
vector-borne disease was examined. Interrupted time series analysis was conducted on the epidemic curves for the two periods. Between the pre- and post-pandemic periods, the incidence of
dengue fever and
malaria significantly decreased, which may be related to limited human transboundary mobility (p = 0.003/0.002). The incidence of
severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome,
scrub typhus, and
Japanese spotted fever did not show changes between the two periods or no association with human mobility. This study suggests that
behavioral control may reduce the incidence of new
mosquito-borne diseases from endemic areas but may not affect
tick-borne disease epidemics within an endemic area.