Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a progressive, non-reversible illness with various etiologies. Currently, effective treatments for fibrotic lungs are still lacking. Here, we compared the effectiveness of
transplantation of human mesenchymal stem cells from umbilical cord Wharton's jelly (HUMSCs) versus those from adipose tissue (ADMSCs) in reversing
pulmonary fibrosis in rats.
Bleomycin 5 mg was intratracheally injected to establish a severe, stable, single left lung animal model with PF. On Day 21 post-BLM administration, one single
transplantation of 2.5 × 107 HUMSCs or ADMSCs was performed. Lung function examination of Injury and Injury+ADMSCs rats displayed significantly decreased blood oxygen saturation and increased respiratory rates, while Injury+HUMSCs rats showed statistical amelioration in blood oxygen saturation and significant alleviation in respiratory rates. Reduced cell number in the bronchoalveolar lavage and lower myofibroblast activation appeared in the rats transplanted with either ADMSCs or HUMSCS than that in the Injury group. However, ADMSC
transplantation stimulated more adipogenesis. Furthermore, matrix-metallopeptidase-9 over-expression for
collagen degradation, and the elevation of Toll-like receptor-4 expression for alveolar regeneration were observed only in the Injury+HUMSCs. In comparison with the
transplantation of ADMSCs,
transplantation of HUMSCs exhibited a much more effective
therapeutic effect on PF, with significantly better results in alveolar volume and lung function.