A Critical Review on Role of Available Synthetic Drugs and Phytochemicals in Insulin Resistance Treatment by Targeting PTP1B.

Abstract

Insulin resistance (IR) is a condition of impaired response of cells towards insulin. It is marked by excessive blood glucose, dysregulated insulin signalling, altered pathways, damaged pancreatic β-cells, metabolic disorders, etc. Chronic hyperglycemic conditions leads to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) which causes excess generation of highly reactive free radicals, causing oxidative stress, further leading to development and progression of complications like vascular dysfunction, damaged cellular proteins, and DNA. One of the causes for IR is dysregulation of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B). Advancements in drug therapeutics have helped people manage IR by regulating PTP1B, however have been reported to cause side effects. Therefore, there is a growing interest on usage of phytochemical constituents having IR therapeutic properties and aiding to minimize these complications. Medicinal plants have not been utilized to their full potential as a therapeutic drug due to lack of knowledge of their active and effective chemical constituents, mode of action, regulation of IR parameters, and dosage of administration. This review highlights phytochemical constituents present in medicinal plants or spices, their potential effectiveness on proteins (PTP1B) regulating IR, and reported possible mechanism of action studied on in vitro models. The study gives current knowledge and future recommendations on the above aspects and is expected to be beneficial in developing herbal drug using these phytochemical constituents, either alone or in combination, for medication of IR and diabetes.

• Authors: Prangya Rath, Anuj Ranjan, Abhishek Chauhan, Naval Kumar Verma, Atul Bhargava, Ram Prasad, Tanu Jindal
• Journal: Applied biochemistry and biotechnology (Appl Biochem Biotechnol) Vol. 194 Issue 10 Pg. 4683-4701 (Oct 2022) ISSN: 1559-0291 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 35819691 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Review)
• Copyright: © 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

Chemical References

• Blood Glucose
• Insulin
• Phytochemicals
• Synthetic Drugs
• Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases
• Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1

Topics

• Blood Glucose
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 (drug therapy)
• Humans
• Insulin (metabolism)
• Insulin Resistance
• Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases (therapeutic use)
• Phytochemicals (pharmacology, therapeutic use)
• Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1 (genetics)
• Synthetic Drugs (therapeutic use)