Prediabetes: Adherence to Nutrition Visits Decreases HbA1c in Children and Adolescents.

Abstract

Background:

Prediabetes, the precursor of type 2 diabetes (T2D), is on the rise in the US, but the determinants of its progression are poorly characterized in youth.

Objective:

To determine the impact of nutrition visits, as a surrogate marker of lifestyle modification, on the trajectory of prediabetes over a 4-year period.

Hypothesis:

Adherence to nutrition visits could reduce BMI and lower HbA1c.

Methods:

A 4-year retrospective study of 108 youth with prediabetes who were recommended to receive medical nutrition therapy every 3 months following their diagnosis. Subjects were divided into 2 groups: the non-adherent group who had ≤1 nutrition visit/year, and the adherent group with ≥2 nutrition visits/year.

Results:

There were 46 male subjects, mean age 12.4 ± 3.6y; and 62 female subjects, mean age, 13.3 ± 3.0y, p=0.2. The adherent group (n=44, 41.5%) had higher BMI z-scores, but similar values for HbA1c, metformin use, and racial/ethnic composition compared to the non-adherent group. Overall, 18(17.0%) subjects progressed to T2D in 4y and consisted of 14(22.6%) of the 62 non-adherent subjects and 4(9.1%) of the 44 adherent subjects. The non-adherent subjects progressed to T2D at a mean duration of 25.8 ± 12.6 months while the adherent subjects progressed at a mean duration of 34.9 ± 11.8 months. The hazard ratio of progression from prediabetes to T2D for the non-adherent versus adherent group was 3.88 (95%CI 1.26-11.98, p=0.02). The results remained significant after adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, BMI, and metformin use.

Conclusion:

Adherence to nutrition visits was associated with a 4-fold reduction in the likelihood to progress from prediabetes to T2D in US youth.

• Authors: Sadichchha Parajuli, Gabrielle Jasmin, Hannan Sirak, Austin F Lee, Benjamin Udoka Nwosu
• Journal: Frontiers in endocrinology (Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)) Vol. 13 Pg. 916785 ( 2022) ISSN: 1664-2392 [Print] Switzerland
• PMID: 35813624 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2022 Parajuli, Jasmin, Sirak, Lee and Nwosu.

Chemical References

• Blood Glucose
• Glycated Hemoglobin A
• Metformin

Topics

• Adolescent
• Blood Glucose
• Child
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 (complications, epidemiology, therapy)
• Female
• Glycated Hemoglobin (analysis)
• Humans
• Male
• Metformin (therapeutic use)
• Prediabetic State (therapy)
• Retrospective Studies