Distal renal tubular acidosis and nephrocalcinosis as initial manifestation of primary sjögren's syndrome.

Abstract

There is a well-established association between primary Sjögren's syndrome and distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA). dRTA is a relatively infrequent manifestation of primary Sjögren's syndrome which can present with life-threatening electrolyte abnormalities while, in some patients, it could be the first manifestation of the syndrome. We report the case of a 35-year-old woman who presented with unexplained episodes of generalized weakness, severe hypokalemia, nephrocalcinosis, and normal anion gap metabolic acidosis. Subsequent evaluation revealed primary Sjögren's syndrome as her underlying condition. The patient responded well to potassium supplementation, sodium bicarbonate, and oral prednisolone. After four years of follow-up, there were no other extraglandular manifestations, the renal function remained stable and the acidosis was partially improved without the need for oral bicarbonate. This case demonstrates that dRTA could be the initial manifestation of primary Sjögren's syndrome and highlights the necessity for increased vigilance for patients presenting with persistent hypokalemia or nephrocalcinosis so that an early diagnosis can be made allowing for better control and prevention of disease progression.

• Authors: Aglaia Chalkia, Panagiota Giannou, Konstantinos Thomas, Dimitrios Vassilopoulos, Dimitrios Petras
• Journal: Saudi journal of kidney diseases and transplantation : an official publication of the Saudi Center for Organ Transplantation, Saudi Arabia (Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl) 2021 Sep-Oct Vol. 32 Issue 5 Pg. 1470-1474 ISSN: 1319-2442 [Print] Saudi Arabia
• PMID: 35532720 (Publication Type: Case Reports)

Chemical References

• Potassium

Topics

• Acidosis, Renal Tubular (complications, diagnosis, drug therapy)
• Adult
• Female
• Humans
• Hypokalemia (diagnosis, drug therapy, etiology)
• Male
• Nephrocalcinosis (diagnosis, etiology)
• Potassium
• Sjogren's Syndrome (complications, diagnosis, drug therapy)