Objective. Due to
insulin resistance and oxidative stress that are associated with
type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), T2DM has become a prevalent metabolic disorder that presents various side effects. However, alternative
antidiabetic treatment has commonly been used in treating
diabetes mellitus in diabetic patients. In our previous studies,
bredemolic acid has been reported as an
antidiabetic agent that improves
glucose uptake, ameliorates
insulin resistance, and oxidative stress in the liver, heart, kidney, and skeletal muscle of prediabetic rats. However, these effects have not been validated in vitro. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the effects of
bredemolic acid on
insulin-mediated
glucose utilization, lipid peroxidation, and the total
antioxidant capacity (
TOAC) in
palmitic acid-induced
insulin-resistant C2C12 skeletal muscle cells in vitro. Methods.
Insulin resistance was induced in the skeletal muscle cells after 4 h of exposure to
palmitic acid (0.5 mmol/l). Different cell groups were incubated in
culture media DMEM supplemented with
fetal calf serum (10%),
penicillin/
streptomycin (1%), and
L-glutamine (1%) and then treated with either
insulin (4 µg/ml) or
bredemolic acid (12.5 mmol/l) or with both. Thereafter, the cells were seeded in 24- or 96-well plates for determination of the cell viability,
glucose utilization,
glycogen formation, and
antioxidant capacity. Results. The results showed that
bredemolic acid significantly improved
TOAC and promoted
glucose utilization via attenuation of lipid peroxidation and increased
glycogen formation in the
insulin-resistant cells, respectively. Conclusion. This study showed that
bredemolic acid restored the
insulin resistance through improved
glucose utilization,
glycogen formation, and
TOAC in the skeletal muscle cells.