Sofosbuvir is a novel
drug candidate for the treatment of
hepatitis C viral infection; however, vision loss is one of its growing adverse effects. Saffron is a natural biomolecule with a high
antioxidant potential that has been efficiently used in some diseases caused by oxidative stress. This study evaluated
Sofosbuvir's neurodegenerative effect on the retina of albino rat and examined the potential protective role of saffron aqueous extract. Twenty-one adult male albino rats were randomly divided into three groups: Control,
Sofosbuvir-treated (41.1 mg/kg /day for 6 weeks), and
Sofosbuvir + Saffron co-treated groups.
Retinal specimens were biochemically analyzed for
malondialdehyde (MDA),
interleukin-6 (IL-6), and
tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels. In addition, light and transmission electron microscopic examination, as well as immunohistochemical staining for
Caspase-3, COX-2, and GFAP were performed.
Sofosbuvir treatment caused a significant increase in
retinal MDA,
IL-6, and TNF-α levels coupling with a significant decrease in
retinal total
antioxidant capacity level. Histopathological findings revealed disturbed
retinal architecture, detached pigment epithelium, vacuolated photoreceptors, in addition to a significant decrease in the thicknesses of both outer and inner nuclear layers, and the number of ganglionic cells. Ultrastructural examination revealed extensive degenerative changes in all
retinal layers.
Caspase-3, COX-2, and GFAP immunohistochemical expressions were significantly increased. Meanwhile, concomitant treatment with Saffron significantly improved
retinal redox status,
inflammation, histological, and ultrastructural parameters. Saffron may protect the retina from the hazardous effects of
Sofosbuvir. Saffron could be used as an adjuvant
therapy to protect patients receiving
Sofosbuvir from
retinal damage.