More than 50% of individuals who are HIV positive report
insomnia, which can reduce HIV treatment adherence, impair quality of life, and contribute to metabolic dysfunction.
Major depressive disorder is also highly comorbid in this population, leading to further impairment. There is evidence that treating
insomnia may improve not only sleep, but depression and metabolic function, as well. The present study aimed to examine the effects of pharmacotherapeutic treatment of
insomnia on sleep, depression, and metabolic functioning in individuals with HIV. 20 individuals with asymptomatic seropositive HIV and comorbid
insomnia and depression were administered
zaleplon for 6 weeks.
Insomnia severity was assessed using the
Insomnia Severity Index and Epworth
Sleepiness Scale, and depression severity was assessed using the Quick Inventory of Depression, both prior to treatment and 6 weeks post treatment. Metabolomic changes were assessed using a comprehensive platform measuring ~2000
lipid features and polar metabolites. Linear mixed effects models demonstrated that 6 weeks of treatment with
zaleplon significantly improved symptoms of both
insomnia and depression. Metabolomic analyses also demonstrated that changes in
insomnia severity were associated with significant changes in key
branched chain amino acid metabolites. Our results show that improvement in
insomnia is associated with reduced depressive symptoms and beneficial metabolomic changes. Additionally, changes in key
branched chain amino acid metabolites following treatment may serve as useful
biomarkers of treatment response.