MicroRNA (
miRNA or miR)-based approaches to interrupt the transmission of
mosquito-borne diseases have been explored since 2005. A review of these studies and areas in which to proceed is needed. In this review, significant progress is reviewed at the level of individual
miRNAs, and
miRNA diversification and relevant confounders are described in detail. Current
miRNA studies in mosquitoes include four steps, namely, identifying
miRNAs, validating
miRNA-pathogen interactions, exploring action mechanisms, and performing preapplication investigations. Notably, regarding the Plasmodium parasite, mosquito
miRNAs generally bind to mosquito immunity- or development-related mRNAs, indirectly regulating
Plasmodium infection; However, regarding arboviruses, mosquito
miRNAs can bind to the viral genome, directly modifying viral replication. Thus, during explorations of
miRNA-based approaches, researchers need select an ideal
miRNA for investigation based on the mosquito species, tissue, and mosquito-borne pathogen of interest. Additionally, strategies for
miRNA-based approaches differ for arboviruses and protozoan parasites.