Anticancer Potential of Damnacanthal and Nordamnacanthal from Morinda elliptica Roots on T-lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

This study reports on the cytotoxic properties of nordamnacanthal and damnacanthal, isolated from roots of Morinda elliptica on T-lymphoblastic leukaemia (CEM-SS) cell lines.

METHODS:

MTT assay, DNA fragmentation, ELISA and cell cycle analysis were carried out.

RESULTS:

Nordamnacanthal and damnacanthal at IC50 values of 1.7 μg/mL and10 μg/mL, respectively. At the molecular level, these compounds caused internucleosomal DNA cleavage producing multiple 180-200 bp fragments that are visible as a "ladder" on the agarose gel. This was due to the activation of the Mg2+/Ca2+-dependent endonuclease. The induction of apoptosis by nordamnacanthal was different from the one induced by damnacanthal, in a way that it occurs independently of ongoing transcription process. Nevertheless, in both cases, the process of dephosphorylation of protein phosphates 1 and 2A, the ongoing protein synthesis and the elevations of the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration were not needed for apoptosis to take place. Nordamnacanthal was found to have a cytotoxic effect by inducing apoptosis, while damnacanthal caused arrest at the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle.

CONCLUSION:

Damnacanthal and nordamnacanthal have anticancer properties, and could act as potential treatment for T-lymphoblastic leukemia.

• Authors: Saiful Yazan Latifah, Banulata Gopalsamy, Raha Abdul Rahim, Abdul Manaf Ali, Nordin Haji Lajis
• Journal: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) (Molecules) Vol. 26 Issue 6 (Mar 12 2021) ISSN: 1420-3049 [Electronic] Switzerland
• PMID: 33808969 (Publication Type: Journal Article)

Chemical References

• Aldehydes
• Anthraquinones
• Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic
• nordamnacanthal
• damnacanthal
• Endodeoxyribonucleases
• calcium magnesium dependent endodeoxyribonuclease

Topics

• Aldehydes (isolation & purification, pharmacology)
• Anthraquinones (isolation & purification, pharmacology)
• Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic (isolation & purification, pharmacology)
• Apoptosis (drug effects)
• Cell Cycle (drug effects)
• Cell Line, Tumor
• Cell Survival (drug effects)
• DNA Fragmentation
• Endodeoxyribonucleases (metabolism)
• Humans
• Morinda (chemistry)
• Plant Roots (chemistry)
• Plants, Medicinal (chemistry)
• Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma (drug therapy, metabolism)