Acid-related injury from chronic
metabolic acidosis is recognized through growing evidence of its deleterious effects, including kidney and other organ injury. Progressive
acid accumulation precedes the signature manifestation of chronic
metabolic acidosis, decreased plasma
bicarbonate concentration.
Acid accumulation that is not enough to manifest as
metabolic acidosis, known as eubicarbonatemic
acidosis, also appears to cause kidney injury, with exacerbated progression of CKD. Chronic engagement of mechanisms to mitigate the
acid challenge from Western-type diets also appears to cause kidney injury. Rather than considering chronic
metabolic acidosis as the only
acid-related condition requiring intervention to reduce kidney injury, this review supports consideration of
acid-related injury as a continuum. This "
acid stress" continuum has chronic
metabolic acidosis at its most extreme end, and high-
acid-producing diets at its less extreme, yet detrimental, end.