Root canal contamination or exposure to lipopolysaccharide differentially modulate prostaglandin E 2 and leukotriene B 4 signaling in apical periodontitis.

Abstract

Purpose To evaluate the kinetics of apical periodontitis development in vivo , induced either by contamination of the root canals by microorganisms from the oral cavity or by inoculation of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the regulation of major enzymes and receptors involved in the arachidonic acid metabolism. Methodology Apical periodontitis was induced in C57BL6 mice (n=96), by root canal exposure to oral cavity (n=48 teeth) or inoculation of LPS (10 µL of a suspension of 0.1 µg/µL) from E. coli into the root canals (n= 48 teeth). Healthy teeth were used as control (n=48 teeth). After 7, 14, 21 and 28 days the animals were euthanized and tissues removed for histopathological and qRT-PCR analyses. Histological analysis data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA followed by Sidak's test, and qRT-PCR data using two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test (α=0.05). Results Contamination by microorganisms led to the development of apical periodontitis, characterized by the recruitment of inflammatory cells and bone tissue resorption, whereas inoculation of LPS induced inflammatory cells recruitment without bone resorption. Both stimuli induced mRNA expression for cyclooxygenase-2 and 5-lipoxygenase enzymes. Expression of prostaglandin E 2 and leukotriene B 4 cell surface receptors were more stimulated by LPS. Regarding nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR), oral contamination induced the synthesis of mRNA for PPARδ, differently from inoculation of LPS, that induced PPARα and PPARγ expression. Conclusions Contamination of the root canals by microorganisms from oral cavity induced the development of apical periodontitis differently than by inoculation with LPS, characterized by less bone loss than the first model. Regardless of the model used, it was found a local increase in the synthesis of mRNA for the enzymes 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase-2 of the arachidonic acid metabolism, as well as in the surface and nuclear receptors for the lipid mediators prostaglandin E2 and leukotriene B4.

• Authors: Francisco Wanderley Garcia Paula-Silva, Fernanda Regina Ribeiro-Santos, Igor Bassi Ferreira Petean, Maya Fernanda Manfrin Arnez, Luciano Aparecido de Almeida-Junior, Fabrício Kitazono de Carvalho, Léa Assed Bezerra da Silva, Lúcia Helena Faccioli
• Journal: Journal of applied oral science : revista FOB (J Appl Oral Sci) Vol. 28 Pg. e20190699 ( 2020) ISSN: 1678-7765 [Electronic] Brazil
• PMID: 32401938 (Publication Type: Journal Article)

Chemical References

• Lipopolysaccharides
• RNA, Messenger
• Leukotriene B4
• Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase
• Cyclooxygenase 2
• Dinoprostone

Topics

• Animals
• Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase (analysis, metabolism)
• Bone Resorption (metabolism, microbiology)
• Cyclooxygenase 2 (analysis, metabolism)
• Dental Pulp Cavity (metabolism, microbiology, pathology)
• Dinoprostone (analysis, metabolism)
• Gene Expression
• Leukotriene B4 (analysis, metabolism)
• Lipopolysaccharides (metabolism)
• Male
• Mice, Inbred C57BL
• Periapical Periodontitis (metabolism, microbiology, pathology)
• RNA, Messenger (analysis, metabolism)
• Random Allocation
• Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
• Time Factors