This prospective randomized double-masked study investigated the effects of 20 mg
lutein supplementation with two different capsules (
beeswax or
glycerol fatty acid esters) for 6 months on the fellow eyes of 39 Japanese patients with unilateral
age-related macular degeneration, and assessed the factors associated with baseline plasma
lutein concentration via lifestyle interviews.
Macular pigment optical density (MPOD), determined with the two-wavelength autofluorescence method, increased over time in the
beeswax group (ANOVA, p = 0.0451), although the increase from 3 months to 6 months was only marginally significant. No significant increase was observed in the
glycerol fatty acid esters group (ANOVA, p = 0.7396). Plasma
lutein concentrations significantly increased at 3 and 6 months from baseline in both groups (both p < 0.01). In a multiple regression model, age was negatively associated with higher plasma
lutein concentration (p = 0.0305), while consumption of green vegetables was positively associated with baseline plasma
lutein concentration (p = 0.0322). In conclusion, a significant increase in MPOD was not fully confirmed with 6 months intake duration despite a significant increase in plasma
lutein concentrations. Consumption of green vegetable was confirmed to be associated with plasma
lutein concentration after adjusting for other potential factors including age.