Clinical manifestation and islet β-cell function of a subtype of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA): positive for T cell responses in phenotypic type 2 diabetes.

Abstract

AIMS:

To investigate the possibility of identifying a subtype of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA), T-LADA (T cell responses-positive and autoantibody-negative) from patients with phenotypic type 2 diabetes (T2D) by enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT).

METHODS:

Eighty-two patients with phenotypic T2D were studied. Autoantibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), insulinoma-associated protein-2 and zinc transporter 8 were measured by radioligand assay. Thirty-nine Ab+ and 43 Ab- patients with phenotypic T2D were enrolled for T cell assay of responses to GAD65 and C-peptide antigen by ELISPOT.

RESULTS:

(1) Eleven of 43 Ab- participants with phenotypic T2D were demonstrated interferon (IFN)-γ secreting T cells by ELISPOT, while 13 of 39 Ab+ patients with phenotypic T2D were positive for T cells responses to islet antigens. (2) The onset ages of T cell+ people with phenotypic T2D were younger than that of T cell- individuals (42.7 ± 9.3 vs. 48.2 ± 10.2 years, P = 0.025). Moreover, T cell+ patients with T2D displayed a significantly lower fasting C-peptide (FCP) compared with T cell- participants [0.28 (0.02-0.84) vs. 0.42 (0.05-1.26) nmol/L, P = 0.013]. (3) Ab-T+ group had a significantly lower FCP compared with Ab-T- group [0.31 (0.13-0.84) vs. 0.51 (0.07-1.26) nmol/L, P = 0.023].

CONCLUSIONS:

By measuring T cell responses to islet antigens in patients with phenotypic T2D, we identified a specific subtype of LADA who may be associated with worse basal β-cell function than classic T2D (Ab-T-).

• Authors: Huiying Liang, Ying Cheng, Wei Tang, Qiuyan Cui, Jiao Yuan, Gan Huang, Lin Yang, Zhiguang Zhou
• Journal: Acta diabetologica (Acta Diabetol) Vol. 56 Issue 11 Pg. 1225-1230 (Nov 2019) ISSN: 1432-5233 [Electronic] Germany
• PMID: 31367990 (Publication Type: Journal Article)

Chemical References

• Autoantibodies
• C-Peptide
• Zinc Transporter 8
• Glutamate Decarboxylase

Topics

• Adult
• Autoantibodies (immunology)
• C-Peptide (metabolism)
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 (blood, immunology)
• Female
• Glutamate Decarboxylase (immunology)
• Humans
• Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (blood, classification, immunology)
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Phenotype
• T-Lymphocytes (immunology)
• Zinc Transporter 8 (immunology)