Evaluation of left ventricular function in immunoglobulin-resistant children with Kawasaki disease: a two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography study.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Kawasaki disease (KD) patients who are unresponsive to intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) have a high occurrence of coronary artery lesions (CALs). The characteristics of left ventricular (LV) function alternation in IVIG-resistant patients are not well-described.

HYPOTHESIS:

Two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) is a useful technique that can accurately detect myocardium subclinical dysfunction in resistant patients and may assist in differentiating patients with KD at a higher risk of IVIG resistance.

METHODS:

A consecutive sample of 50 IVIG-resistant patients (25 males, 2.2 ± 0.9 years), 50 IVIG-responsive patients (27 males, 2.2 ± 0.7 years) and 50 normal subjects (27 males, 2.1 ± 0.9 years) were analyzed using STE, and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was utilized to determine the threshold values of STE parameters associated with IVIG resistance.

RESULTS:

Compared with normal children, IVIG-resistant patients had lower global longitudinal strain (GLS) (15.82 ± 3.32 vs 20.01 ± 2.98, P = 0.000) and lower global circumferential strain (GCS) (16.65 ± 3.12 vs 20.11 ± 2.86, P = 0.042). Both GLS and GCS in IVIG-resistant patients were significantly lower than in IVIG-responsive patients (15.82 ± 3.32 vs 19.95 ± 3.01, 16.65 ± 3.12 vs 19.01 ± 3.00, P = .000, .030, respectively). ROC analysis demonstrated that the absolute values of GLS < 16.8% and GCS < 15.9% were optimal predictors of IVIG unresponsiveness (area under the curve = 0.78, 0.75; sensitivity = 0.83, 0.79; specificity = 0.69, 0.65, respectively).

CONCLUSION:

IVIG-resistant patients presented with more severe LV systolic dysfunction compared with IVIG-responsive patients, which may be the result of myocarditis rather than CALs. STE may be a helpful diagnostic tool that provides supportive criteria to detect KD patients at a higher risk of IVIG resistance.

• Authors: Haiyong Wang, Jing Shang, Minghui Tong, Yan Song, Litao Ruan
• Journal: Clinical cardiology (Clin Cardiol) Vol. 42 Issue 8 Pg. 753-759 (Aug 2019) ISSN: 1932-8737 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 31173382 (Publication Type: Comparative Study, Journal Article)
• Copyright: © 2019 The Authors. Clinical Cardiology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Chemical References

• Immunoglobulins, Intravenous
• Immunologic Factors

Topics

• Child, Preschool
• Disease Progression
• Echocardiography (methods)
• Female
• Follow-Up Studies
• Heart Ventricles (diagnostic imaging, physiopathology)
• Humans
• Immunoglobulins, Intravenous (therapeutic use)
• Immunologic Factors (therapeutic use)
• Male
• Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome (complications, diagnosis, drug therapy)
• Prognosis
• Retrospective Studies
• Systole
• Ventricular Dysfunction, Left (diagnosis, etiology, physiopathology)
• Ventricular Function, Left (physiology)