Abstract | BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The United States Food and Drug Administration has proposed regulation to require that cigarettes contain very low nicotine content (VLNC). In contrast, reducing the number of cigarettes per day (CPD) is the most common current method to reduce nicotine. This trial aims to explore whether gradually transitioning to VLNC cigarettes plus nicotine patch or reducing CPD plus nicotine patch is more effective at decreasing nicotine dependence. DESIGN: A two-arm, individually randomized open-label trial. SETTING: Community setting, Vermont, USA. PARTICIPANTS: Sixty-eight adult daily smokers (40% female) of ≥ 10 cigarettes/day who were not planning to quit in the next 30 days. INTERVENTIONS: All participants smoked study cigarettes with a nicotine yield similar to most commercial cigarettes ad libitum for 1 week (baseline). Participants then gradually reduced to 70, 35, 15 and 3% of baseline nicotine over 4 weeks by either (a) transitioning to lower nicotine content cigarettes (n = 36) or (b) reducing the number of full nicotine cigarettes (n = 32). All participants received nicotine patches. MEASUREMENTS: FINDINGS: Dependence declined over time for both VLNC and CPD participants, but declined more for VLNC (mean decrease in Z-score of 1.0) than CPD (mean decrease in Z-score of 0.5) participants over time (interaction P = 0.018). CONCLUSIONS: Transitioning to very low nicotine content cigarettes reduced nicotine dependence over a 4-week period to a greater extent than reducing cigarettes per day when both conditions were aided by nicotine patch.
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Authors | Elias M Klemperer, John R Hughes, Peter W Callas, Joy A Benner, Nicholas E Morley |
Journal | Addiction (Abingdon, England)
(Addiction)
Vol. 114
Issue 9
Pg. 1639-1650
(09 2019)
ISSN: 1360-0443 [Electronic] England |
PMID | 31106492
(Publication Type: Comparative Study, Journal Article, Randomized Controlled Trial, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural)
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Copyright | © 2019 Society for the Study of Addiction. |
Chemical References |
- Nicotinic Agonists
- Nicotine
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Topics |
- Adult
- Cigarette Smoking
- Female
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Nicotine
(administration & dosage)
- Nicotinic Agonists
(administration & dosage)
- Smoking Cessation
- Smoking Reduction
(methods)
- Tobacco Products
- Tobacco Use Cessation Devices
- Tobacco Use Disorder
(therapy)
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