[Diagnostics and treatment of olfactory dysfunction].

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Dysosmia is one of the most common disorders in otorhinolaryngology. However, epidemiological data are lacking and treatment strategies are insufficiently standardized.

OBJECTIVE:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of causes of olfactory disorders and the different therapeutic approaches used in ENT departments in German-speaking countries. The results were also compared to findings of the survey in 2000. Furthermore, a systematic review of treatment strategies was conducted.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

In 2010, a two-page survey addressing olfactory dysfunction was sent to all ENT departments in German-speaking countries. The literature review included sources such as PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and relevant guidelines.

RESULTS:

The diagnosis of dysosmia was made less frequently in ENT departments (decrease of 52%). The three most widely used therapeutic approaches were corticosteroids (topical and systemic) and systemic antibiotics. There is evidence in the literature showing a small to medium effect of topical steroids in sinonasal smell disorders.

CONCLUSION:

Since a 50% decrease in the prevalence of olfactory disturbances is unlikely, the lower patient numbers may relate to a more critical diagnosis. The use of olfactory training in clinics has increased significantly (from <6% to up to 23%). The use of topical steroids for sinonasal dysosmia is evidence based. Smell training is a safe and effective treatment strategy, especially in post-infectious and post-traumatic olfactory disorders.

• Authors: M Damm, L Schmitl, C A Müller, A Welge-Lüssen, T Hummel
• Journal: HNO (HNO) Vol. 67 Issue 4 Pg. 274-281 (Apr 2019) ISSN: 1433-0458 [Electronic] Germany
• Vernacular Title: Diagnostik und Therapie von Riechstörungen.
• PMID: 30725125 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Systematic Review)

Chemical References

• Steroids

Topics

• Humans
• Olfaction Disorders (diagnosis, therapy)
• Smell
• Steroids (therapeutic use)
• Treatment Outcome