The Impact of Uremic Toxicity Induced Inflammatory Response on the Cardiovascular Burden in Chronic Kidney Disease.

Abstract

Uremic toxin (UT) retention in chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects biological systems. We aimed to identify the associations between UT, inflammatory biomarkers and biomarkers of the uremic cardiovascular response (BUCVR) and their impact on cardiovascular status as well as their roles as predictors of outcome in CKD patients. CKD patients stages 3, 4 and 5 (n = 67) were recruited and UT (indoxyl sulfate/IS, p-cresil sulfate/pCS and indole-3-acetic acid/IAA); inflammatory biomarkers [Interleukin-6 (IL-6), high sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), soluble vascular adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and soluble Fas (sFas)] and BUCVRs [soluble CD36 (sCD36), soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE), fractalkine] was measured. Patients were followed for 5.2 years and all causes of death was used as the primary outcome. Artery segments collected at the moment of transplantation were used for the immunohistochemistry analysis in a separate cohort. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), circulating UT, plasma biomarkers of systemic and vascular inflammation and BUCVR were strongly interrelated. Patients with plaque presented higher signs of UT-induced inflammation and arteries from CKD patients presented higher fractalkine receptor (CX3CR1) tissue expression. Circulating IS (p = 0.03), pCS (p = 0.007), IL-6 (p = 0.026), sFas (p = 0.001), sCD36 (p = 0.01) and fractalkine (p = 0.02) were independent predictors of total mortality risk in CKD patients. Our results reinforce the important role of uremic toxicity in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in CKD patients through an inflammatory pathway.

• Authors: Ligia Maria Claro, Andrea N Moreno-Amaral, Ana Carolina Gadotti, Carla J Dolenga, Lia S Nakao, Marina L V Azevedo, Lucia de Noronha, Marcia Olandoski, Thyago P de Moraes, Andréa E M Stinghen, Roberto Pécoits-Filho
• Journal: Toxins (Toxins (Basel)) Vol. 10 Issue 10 (09 23 2018) ISSN: 2072-6651 [Electronic] Switzerland
• PMID: 30249039 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)

Chemical References

• Biomarkers
• CD36 Antigens
• CD36 protein, human
• Cresols
• Cytokines
• Indoleacetic Acids
• Sulfuric Acid Esters
• Toxins, Biological
• 4-cresol sulfate
• indoleacetic acid
• Indican

Topics

• Adult
• Aged
• Biomarkers (metabolism)
• CD36 Antigens (metabolism)
• Cardiovascular Diseases (metabolism, physiopathology)
• Cresols (blood)
• Cytokines (metabolism)
• Female
• Glomerular Filtration Rate
• Humans
• Indican (blood)
• Indoleacetic Acids (blood)
• Inflammation (metabolism, physiopathology)
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Renal Artery (metabolism)
• Renal Insufficiency, Chronic (metabolism, physiopathology)
• Sulfuric Acid Esters (blood)
• Toxins, Biological (blood)
• Uremia (metabolism, physiopathology)