Efficacy of Oral Administration of Sodium Iodide to Prevent Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

The prevention of bovine respiratory disease complex (BRD) in beef cattle is important to maintaining health and productivity of calves in feeding operations.

OBJECTIVE:

Determine whether BRD bacterial and viral pathogens are susceptible to the lactoperoxidase/hydrogen peroxide/iodide (LPO/H2 O2 /I- ) system in vitro and to determine whether the oral administration of sodium iodide (NaI) could achieve sufficient concentrations of iodine (I) in the respiratory secretions of weaned beef calves to inactivate these pathogens in vivo.

ANIMALS:

Sixteen weaned, apparently healthy, commercial beef calves from the University of Missouri, College of Veterinary Medicine teaching herd.

METHODS:

In vitro viral and bacterial assays were performed to determine susceptibility to the LPO/H2 O2 /I- system at varying concentrations of NaI. Sixteen randomly selected, healthy crossbred beef weanlings were administered 70 mg/kg NaI, or water, orally in a blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Blood and nasal secretions were collected for 72 hours and analyzed for I- concentration.

RESULTS:

Bovine herpesvirus-1, parainfluenza-3, Mannheimia haemolytica and Bibersteinia trehalosi were all inactivated or inhibited in vitro by the LPO/H2 O2 /I- reaction. Oral administration of NaI caused a marked increase in nasal fluid I concentration with a Cmax  = 181 (1,420 μM I), T12 , a sufficient concentration to inactivate these pathogens in vitro.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE:

In vitro, the LPO/H2 O2 /I- system inactivates and inhibits common pathogens associated with BRD. The administration of oral NaI significantly increases the I concentration of nasal fluid indicating that this system might be useful in preventing bovine respiratory infections.

• Authors: B M Shoemake, B L Vander Ley, B W Newcomer, M C Heller
• Journal: Journal of veterinary internal medicine (J Vet Intern Med) Vol. 32 Issue 1 Pg. 516-524 (Jan 2018) ISSN: 1939-1676 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 29377356 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Randomized Controlled Trial)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.

Chemical References

• Iodine
• Hydrogen Peroxide
• Lactoperoxidase
• Sodium Iodide

Topics

• Administration, Oral
• Animals
• Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex (microbiology, prevention & control, virology)
• Cattle
• Herpesvirus 1, Bovine (drug effects)
• Hydrogen Peroxide (chemistry)
• Iodine (analysis)
• Lactoperoxidase (metabolism)
• Mannheimia haemolytica (drug effects)
• Nasal Mucosa (chemistry, microbiology, virology)
• Parainfluenza Virus 3, Human (drug effects)
• Pasteurellaceae (drug effects)
• Sodium Iodide (administration & dosage, analysis, pharmacology)