Hyperforin, a pharmacologically active component of the medicinal plant Hypericum perforatum (St. John's wort), has been shown to be neuroprotective against
acute ischemic stroke. However, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear and need to be fully elucidated. C57BL/6 wildtype (WT) mice or
interleukin (IL)-17A knock-out mice were subjected to
middle cerebral artery occlusion (60min) followed by reperfusion for 72h.
Hyperforin (0.5μg) was injected slowly into the right ventricle of WT mice 1, 24 and 48h after
middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) onset. Here, we found that
hyperforin treatment decreased the
mRNA and
protein expression of
IL-17A at 72h after MCAO onset.
Hyperforin reduced
infarct volumes and increased neurologic scores accompanied by a decrease in microglial activation and a shift from M1 to M2 phenotypes in the peri-
infarct striatum. Furthermore, we revealed that
IL-17A was essential to the microglial activation in the acute phase of
ischemic stroke.
IL-17A knock-out (il-17a-/-) or anti-IL-17 A
monoclonal antibody treatment markedly decreased the microglial activation and induced a shift from M1 to M2 phenotypes of activated microglia. In addition, treatment with recombinant mouse
IL-17A abolished the protective effects of
hyperforin on acute ischemic
brain injury, attenuated the inhibitory effects of
hyperforin on the microglial activation, and inhibited the enhanced shift from M1 to M2 phenotypes mediated by
hyperforin. In conclusion, our results clearly showed that
hyperforin could protect against acute cerebral ischemic injury through inhibition of interleukin-17A-mediated microglial activation and polarization of microglia to M2 phenotype.