Apple Polysaccharide inhibits microbial dysbiosis and chronic inflammation and modulates gut permeability in HFD-fed rats.

Abstract

The saying "An apple a day keeps the doctor away" has been known for over 150 years, and numerous studies have shown that apple consumption is closely associated with reduced risks of chronic diseases. It has been well accepted that dysbiosis is the reflection of various chronic diseases. Therefore, this study investigates the effects of apple polysaccharides (AP) on gut dysbiosis. High-fat diet (HFD) fed rats were treated for 14 weeks with AP. The microbiota composition, microbiota-generated short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), gut permeability and chronic inflammation were analyzed. AP treatment showed higher abundance of Bacteroidetes and Lactobacillus while lower Firmicutes and Fusobacteium. AP significantly increased total SCFAs level that contributed by acetic acid and isobutyric acid. Moreover, AP dramatically alleviated dysbiosis-associated gut permeability and chronic inflammation with decreased plasma LBP, up-regulation of Occludin, down-regulation of tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-a), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL-1) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β). The potential mechanism is due to the fact that AP reduces gut permeability, which involves the induction of autophagy in goblet cells. Therefore, AP exerts health benefits through inhibiting gut dysbiosis and chronic inflammation and modulating gut permeability in HFD-induced dysbiosis rats.

• Authors: Sheng Wang, Qian Li, Yue Zang, Yang Zhao, Nan Liu, Yifei Wang, Xiaotao Xu, Li Liu, Qibing Mei
• Journal: International journal of biological macromolecules (Int J Biol Macromol) Vol. 99 Pg. 282-292 (Jun 2017) ISSN: 1879-0003 [Electronic] Netherlands
• PMID: 28238909 (Publication Type: Journal Article)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Chemical References

• Fatty Acids
• Polysaccharides

Topics

• Animals
• Chronic Disease
• Diet, High-Fat (adverse effects)
• Dysbiosis (drug therapy, metabolism, microbiology, pathology)
• Fatty Acids (chemistry, metabolism)
• Goblet Cells (drug effects, pathology)
• Inflammation (chemically induced, drug therapy, metabolism)
• Intestinal Mucosa (drug effects, metabolism, microbiology, pathology)
• Intestines (drug effects, pathology)
• Male
• Malus (chemistry)
• Microbiota (drug effects)
• Permeability (drug effects)
• Polysaccharides (pharmacology, therapeutic use)
• Rats
• Rats, Sprague-Dawley