Re-assessing the enhanced permeability and retention effect in peripheral arterial disease using radiolabeled long circulating nanoparticles.

Abstract

As peripheral arterial disease (PAD) results in muscle ischemia and neovascularization, it has been claimed that nanoparticles can passively accumulate in ischemic tissues through the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. At this time, a quantitative evaluation of the passive targeting capabilities of nanoparticles has not been reported in PAD. Using a murine model of hindlimb ischemia, we quantitatively assessed the passive targeting capabilities of (64)Cu-labeled PEGylated reduced graphene oxide - iron oxide nanoparticles ((64)Cu-RGO-IONP-PEG) through the EPR effect using positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Serial laser Doppler imaging was performed to monitor changes in blood perfusion upon surgical induction of ischemia. Nanoparticle accumulation was assessed at 3, 10, and 17 days post-surgery and found to be highest at 3 days post-surgery, with the ischemic hindlimb displaying an accumulation of 14.7 ± 0.5% injected dose per gram (%ID/g). Accumulation of (64)Cu-RGO-IONP-PEG was lowest at 17 days post-surgery, with the ischemic hindlimb displaying only 5.1 ± 0.5%ID/g. Furthermore, nanoparticle accumulation was confirmed by photoacoustic imaging (PA). The combination of PET and serial Doppler imaging showed that nanoparticle accumulation in the ischemic hindlimb negatively correlated with blood perfusion. Thus, we quantitatively confirmed that (64)Cu-RGO-IONP-PEG passively accumulated in ischemic tissue via the EPR effect, which is reduced as the perfusion normalizes. As (64)Cu-RGO-IONP-PEG displayed substantial accumulation in the ischemic tissue, this nanoparticle platform may function as a future theranostic agent, providing both imaging and therapeutic applications.

• Authors: Christopher G England, Hyung-Jun Im, Liangzhu Feng, Feng Chen, Stephen A Graves, Reinier Hernandez, Hakan Orbay, Cheng Xu, Steve Y Cho, Robert J Nickles, Zhuang Liu, Dong Soo Lee, Weibo Cai
• Journal: Biomaterials (Biomaterials) Vol. 100 Pg. 101-9 (09 2016) ISSN: 1878-5905 [Electronic] Netherlands
• PMID: 27254470 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Chemical References

• Copper Radioisotopes
• Ferric Compounds
• ferric oxide
• Graphite

Topics

• Animals
• Capillary Permeability
• Copper Radioisotopes (chemistry, pharmacokinetics)
• Female
• Ferric Compounds (chemistry, pharmacokinetics)
• Graphite (chemistry, pharmacokinetics)
• Hindlimb (blood supply, diagnostic imaging)
• Ischemia (diagnostic imaging)
• Mice, Inbred BALB C
• Nanoparticles (analysis, chemistry)
• Peripheral Arterial Disease (diagnostic imaging)
• Permeability
• Photoacoustic Techniques
• Positron-Emission Tomography (methods)