Benefits of a Paleolithic diet with and without supervised exercise on fat mass, insulin sensitivity, and glycemic control: a randomized controlled trial in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Means to reduce future risk for cardiovascular disease in subjects with type 2 diabetes are urgently needed.

METHODS:

Thirty-two patients with type 2 diabetes (age 59 ± 8 years) followed a Paleolithic diet for 12 weeks. Participants were randomized to either standard care exercise recommendations (PD) or 1-h supervised exercise sessions (aerobic exercise and resistance training) three times per week (PD-EX).

RESULTS:

For the within group analyses, fat mass decreased by 5.7 kg (IQR: -6.6, -4.1; p < 0.001) in the PD group and by 6.7 kg (-8.2, -5.3; p < 0.001) in the PD-EX group. Insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IR) improved by 45% in the PD (p < 0.001) and PD-EX (p < 0.001) groups. HbA1c decreased by 0.9% (-1.2, -0.6; p < 0.001) in the PD group and 1.1% (-1.7, -0.7; p < 0.01) in the PD-EX group. Leptin decreased by 62% (p < 0.001) in the PD group and 42% (p < 0.001) in the PD-EX group. Maximum oxygen uptake increased by 0.2 L/min (0.0, 0.3) in the PD-EX group, and remained unchanged in the PD group (p < 0.01 for the difference between intervention groups). Male participants decreased lean mass by 2.6 kg (-3.6, -1.3) in the PD group and by 1.2 kg (-1.3, 1.0) in the PD-EX group (p < 0.05 for the difference between intervention groups).

CONCLUSIONS:

A Paleolithic diet improves fat mass and metabolic balance including insulin sensitivity, glycemic control, and leptin in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Supervised exercise training may not enhance the effects on these outcomes, but preserves lean mass in men and increases cardiovascular fitness. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

• Authors: Julia Otten, Andreas Stomby, Maria Waling, Andreas Isaksson, Anna Tellström, Lillemor Lundin-Olsson, Søren Brage, Mats Ryberg, Michael Svensson, Tommy Olsson
• Journal: Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews (Diabetes Metab Res Rev) Vol. 33 Issue 1 (01 2017) ISSN: 1520-7560 [Electronic] England
• PMID: 27235022 (Publication Type: Comparative Study, Journal Article, Randomized Controlled Trial, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Chemical References

• Blood Glucose
• Glycated Hemoglobin A
• hemoglobin A1c protein, human

Topics

• Adipose Tissue (physiopathology)
• Adult
• Aged
• Blood Glucose (analysis)
• Combined Modality Therapy
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 (therapy)
• Diet, Paleolithic
• Exercise Therapy
• Female
• Follow-Up Studies
• Glycated Hemoglobin (analysis)
• Glycemic Index
• Humans
• Insulin Resistance
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Obesity (physiopathology)
• Oxygen Consumption
• Prognosis