Vasculoprotective Effects of 3-Hydroxybenzaldehyde against VSMCs Proliferation and ECs Inflammation.

Abstract

3-hydroxybenzaldehyde (3-HBA) is a precursor compound for phenolic compounds like Protocatechuic aldehyde (PCA). From recent reports, PCA has shown vasculoprotective potency, but the effects of 3-HBA remain unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate the vasculoprotective effects of 3-HBA in endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells and various animal models. We tested effects of 3-HBA in both vitro and vivo. 3-HBA showed that it prevents PDGF-induced vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) migration and proliferation from MTS, BrdU assays and inhibition of AKT phosphorylation. It arrested S and G0/G1 phase of VSMC cell cycle in PI staining and it also showed inhibited expression levels of Rb1 and CD1. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), 3-HBA inhibited inflammatory markers and signaling molecules (VCAM-1, ICAM-1, p-NF-κB and p-p38). For ex vivo, 3-HBA has shown dramatic effects in suppressing the sprouting from aortic ring of Spargue Dawley (SD) rats. In vivo data supported the vasculoprotective effects of 3-HBA as it inhibited angiogenesis from Matrigel Plug assay in C57BL6 mouse, prevented ADP-induced thrombus generation, increased blood circulation after formation of thrombus, and attenuated neointima formation induced by common carotid artery balloon injury of SD rats. 3-HBA, a novel therapeutic agent, has shown vasculoprotective potency in both in vitro and in vivo.

• Authors: Byung Soo Kong, Soo Jung Im, Yang Jong Lee, Yoon Hee Cho, Yu Ri Do, Jung Woo Byun, Cheol Ryong Ku, Eun Jig Lee
• Journal: PloS one (PLoS One) Vol. 11 Issue 3 Pg. e0149394 ( 2016) ISSN: 1932-6203 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 27002821 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)

Chemical References

• Benzaldehydes
• Catechols
• NF-kappa B
• Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1
• Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1
• protocatechualdehyde
• 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde
• Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt

Topics

• Animals
• Benzaldehydes (pharmacology)
• Carotid Artery Injuries (metabolism)
• Catechols (pharmacology)
• Cell Movement (drug effects)
• Cell Proliferation (drug effects)
• Cells, Cultured
• G1 Phase (drug effects)
• Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (drug effects, metabolism)
• Humans
• Inflammation (drug therapy, metabolism)
• Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (metabolism)
• Male
• Mice
• Mice, Inbred C57BL
• Muscle, Smooth, Vascular (drug effects, metabolism)
• Myocytes, Smooth Muscle (drug effects, metabolism)
• NF-kappa B (metabolism)
• Neointima (drug therapy, metabolism)
• Phosphorylation (drug effects)
• Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt (metabolism)
• Rats
• Rats, Sprague-Dawley
• Resting Phase, Cell Cycle (drug effects)
• Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (metabolism)