Fiber supplementation lowers plasma p-cresol in chronic kidney disease patients.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:

To determine the effects of supplemental fiber on plasma p-cresol, stool frequency, and quality of life (QoL) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients.

DESIGN AND SETTING:

In a 12-week single-blind study, participants were provided with control muffins and supplements (5.5 g sucrose/day) for 2 weeks, muffins containing 10 g/day pea hull fiber and control supplements for 4 weeks, and muffins with 10 g/day pea hull fiber and 15 g/day inulin as a supplement for 6 weeks.

SUBJECTS:

Individuals with CKD (n = 13; 6 males, 7 females; aged 65 ± 3 years; estimated glomerular filtration rate <50 mL/minute/1.73(2)) completed the study.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:

Plasma p-cresol was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, stool frequency by 5-day journals, and QoL by the KDQOL-36™.

RESULTS:

Plasma p-cresol decreased from 7.25 ± 1.74 mg/L during week 1 to 5.82 ± 1.72 mg/L during week 12 (P < .05), and in participants with high compliance (>70% inulin intake), from 6.71 ± 1.98 mg/L to 4.22 ± 1.16 mg/L (P < .05). Total fiber intake increased from 16.6 ± 1.7 g/day during control to 26.5 ± 2.4 g/day (P < .0001) with the added pea hull and to 34.5 ± 2.2 g/day with pea hull and inulin (P < .0001). Stool frequency increased from 1.4 ± 0.2 stools/day during control to 1.9 ± 0.3 stools/day during both fiber periods (P < .05). No change in overall QoL was observed.

CONCLUSIONS:

Supplementing the diet of CKD patients with fiber may be a dietary therapy to reduce p-cresol and improve stool frequency.

• Authors: Younis A Salmean, Mark S Segal, Sergiu P Palii, Wendy J Dahl
• Journal: Journal of renal nutrition : the official journal of the Council on Renal Nutrition of the National Kidney Foundation (J Ren Nutr) Vol. 25 Issue 3 Pg. 316-20 (May 2015) ISSN: 1532-8503 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 25446837 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2015 National Kidney Foundation, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Chemical References

• Cresols
• Dietary Fiber
• 4-cresol

Topics

• Aged
• Cresols (blood)
• Defecation
• Dietary Fiber (administration & dosage)
• Female
• Humans
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Quality of Life
• Renal Insufficiency, Chronic (blood)
• Uremia (blood, prevention & control)