Abstract | OBJECTIVE: Treatment of menopausal symptoms by compounds with tissue-selective estrogen agonist/antagonist effects, often called selective estrogen receptor modulators, has been researched as an alternative to the use of estrogen therapy. These structurally diverse molecules elicit tissue-dependent responses in hormone-responsive tissues and organs, exhibiting variations in estrogenic activity in preclinical models of postmenopausal reproductive tissues that may improve postmenopausal women's health (eg, prevention and treatment of breast cancer, osteoporosis, and vulvar and vaginal atrophy). METHODS: This literature review investigates whether preclinical data predicted the clinical effects of ospemifene on female reproductive and urinary tract tissues and compares these findings with the specific vaginal effects of other estrogen receptor agonists/antagonists ( tamoxifen, raloxifene, and bazedoxifene) in preclinical and clinical studies. Lasofoxifene, although not currently available, is included because of its unique effects on vaginal tissue. RESULTS: The response of endometrial and vaginal tissues to estrogen receptor agonists/antagonists can be differentiated using transvaginal ultrasound, endometrial histopathology, cytologic examination of vaginal smears, assessment of physical changes in the vagina, and relief of symptoms associated with vulvar and vaginal atrophy (such as dyspareunia). CONCLUSIONS:
|
Authors | David F Archer, Bruce R Carr, JoAnn V Pinkerton, Hugh S Taylor, Ginger D Constantine |
Journal | Menopause (New York, N.Y.)
(Menopause)
Vol. 22
Issue 7
Pg. 786-96
(Jul 2015)
ISSN: 1530-0374 [Electronic] United States |
PMID | 25423325
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Review)
|
Chemical References |
- Estrogen Antagonists
- Tamoxifen
- Ospemifene
|
Topics |
- Estrogen Antagonists
(pharmacology)
- Female
- Female Urogenital Diseases
(drug therapy)
- Humans
- Menopause
(drug effects)
- Tamoxifen
(analogs & derivatives, pharmacology)
- Translational Research, Biomedical
- Urogenital System
(drug effects)
|